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KING'S
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Emnded 1829
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CATALOGUE
OF
THE CONTENTS OF THE MUSEUM
OF
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS
IN LONDON.
re?,
. _ J' I
=— — • /y
PART IV.
Fasciculus I.
COMPREHENDING THE FIRST DIVISION OF
THE PREPARATIONS OF NATURAL HISTORY IN SPIRIT.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
1830.
Sols
ADVERTISEMENT.
The Specimens to which this part of the General Catalogue relates, consist
for the most part of entire or undissected animals, and constitute one of the
Three Great Divisions of Preparations in Spirit under the Head or Title of
Natural History.
This Division originated in the preservation of natural objects transmitted
to Mr. Hunter for the purposes of dissection ; which, accumulating as the repu-
tation of the illustrious Founder increased and extended, and as the requisite
leisure for their examination became abridged, at length enabled him to exhibit
in a series the most remarkable differences in the outward forms of the animal
kingdom.
It does not appear, however, that they were at any time instrumental in illustra-
ting his opinions of the natural disposition and relations of the several classes of
animals ; no other conclusion, indeed, could be drawn from their original position,
than that they were intended to have been displayed in the Ascending order. It is
therefore adhered to in the present arrangement ; but the specimens are separated
into two groups, and approach the structures of the higher classes by two series ;
one, leading through Inarticulate animals ; the other, through the Articulate or
Annulose classes : — a plan which seemed best to accord with the relative position
of the several classes of animals, whose structures are displayed in the respective
series contained in the Gallery of the Collection.
"With a few exceptions, those Classes and Orders are adopted which are cha-
racterized in the Regne Animal of Cuvier^ and in the Histoirc Naturelle des Ani-
maux sans Vertebres of Lamarck.
iv
The specimens of the Class Tunicata are arranged according to the method
proposed by Mr. W. S. MacLeay in the 14th volume of the Linnean Trans-
actions'^. The Entozoa or Intestinal Worms are distributed into the Orders
and Genera founded by Rudolphi, and characterized in the Entozoorum sive
Vermium Intestinalium Historia Naturalis, and in the Entozoorum Synopsis of
the same author. The arrangement proposed by Dr. Leach in the Supplement
to the Encyclopedia Britannica has been adopted for the CiRRirEDES, and they
have been distributed into the Genera there characterized. The Crustacea have
been distributed into the Genera proposed by that author in the 11th volume of
the Linnean Transactions^ \ but the families and orders of this class are those
which are characterized by Latreille in the last edition (1829) of the Regne
Animal of Cuvier ; and the same authority is followed in the arrangement of the
Insecta, as far as a mode of preservation so inconvenient for their examination
would permit.
To each individual specimen is given the Synonym of the Author with whose
description, after a careful comparison, it seemed best to correspond. The same
care has been taken in the references to the figures of the species ; and where
the opportunity was not afforded of comparing the specimen with the figure
quoted, the reference is noted with the typographical mark f .
The appellatives and specific terms of Linnaeus are taken from the 12th edition
of his Systema Natura ; those which are adopted from the 1 3th edition of Pro-
fessor Gmelin, are marked Gmel. or Linn. Gmel.
In all the cases where a record has been preserved of the Habitat of the spe-
cimen, it is given after the Synonimes and Figure ; but where that important
part of the history of the specimen is wanting, the Habitat of the species is
given on the authority of the author whose synonym is adopted.
Those specimens, which appeared to have been insufficiently, or hitherto not at
all described, have been in some cases supplied with more detailed descriptions,
or they are proposed as new species. The characters of the latter, however, rest
a Art. XXV. p. 527.
Art. XXXI. p. 306. A Tabular View of the external Characters of Four Classes of Animals,
which Linne arranged under Insecta. By William Elford Leach, M.D.
V
entirely on the responsibility of the individual intrusted with the execution of
this portion of the Catalogue.
The simple numbers prefixed indicate the original Hunterian specimens ; those
which have the letters j, b. added to them were collected by Sir Joseph Banks
during his voyage round the world with Captain Cook, and were presented by
him to Mr. Hunter. The subsequent Donations and Additions to the Collection
are interposed with the preceding by adding the letters a, b, &c. to the number
corresponding to that of the Hunterian specimen which immediately precedes
them : thus the Donation which follows No. 132 is marked 132 a.
The following are the Abbreviations most commonly used in this Fasciculus
of the Catalogue : —
Linn. Caroli a Linne', Systema Naturae, Ed. xii. Holm. 1767. 1768.
Linn. Gmel. or Gmel. Caroli a Linne', Systema Naturae, Ed. xiii. cura lo. Frid. Gmelin. Lips.
1789.
Cuv. CuviER, M. Le Chevalier, Le Regne Animal distribue d'apres son Organization. Paris, 1817.
Lam. De Lamarck, M. Le Chevalier, Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres. Paris, 1816,
1822.
Sav. Savigny, Jules-Ce'sar, Memoires sur les Animaux sans Vertebres. Paris, 1816.
Sav. Ann. Savigny, Jules-Ce'sar, Systems des Annelides, principalement de celles des Cotes de
I'Egypte et de la Syiie.
Rud. RuDOLi'Hi, Carolo Asmundo, Entozoorum sive Vermium Intestinalium Historia Naturalis.
Amstelsedami, 1808.
Rud. Syn. Rudolphi, Carolo Asmundo, Entozoorum Synopsis. Berolini, 1819.
Fahr. Fabricii, Joh. Christ., Entomologia Systematica Emendata et Aucta. Hafniae, 1791, 1794.
Latr. Latreille, P, A. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum. Parisiis, 1806, 1809.
Latr. Latreille, P. A. Le Regne Animal, par M. le Baron Cuvier, Tom. iv. et v. Nouvelle
edition. Paris, 1829.
CONTENTS.
No. of Prep.
Vegetables 1 to 14
Animals :
Polypi 15 — 63
Acalephae ' 64 — 84
Echinodermata 85 — 1 14
Tunicata 115—128
Acephala 129 —137 b
Gasteropoda 138 — 159 a
Pteropoda . .159b — 161a
Cephalopoda 162—167
Entozoa 167 a — 234
Annelida 235 — 257
Cirripeda 258 — 282 e
Crustacea 283 — 33 1 b
Myriapoda 331 c — 339
Arachnida 339 a — 374
Insecta .3/5 — 614
CATALOGUE.
NATURAL HISTORY.
VEGETABLES IN SPIRIT.
1. The Radicle, Plumula, and Cotyledons of a Pea, shewing the
process of vegetation.
Part of the plumula has been cut off ; apparently to shew that the remainder
has the power of throwing out new lateral shoots.
2. A yellowish fruit or berry, like that of some very large Solanum.
3. A fruit with a quadrifid integument with blunt divisions, allied to
the genus Mespilus.
4. A fruit, like a diminutive lemon or lime.
4 a. The fingered citron (Citrus monstrosus) ; from the West Indies.
Donor, Mrs. Robinson.
4b. Anacardium orientale.
A fine specimen of the cashew nut and apple, which, like some of the pre-
ceding specimens, has been included in a bottle when very small, and
has grown there.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. V.P.R.S. &c.
4c. Cheirostemon platanoides. South American Hand-plant.
It is destitute of a corolla, the fructification being lodged in the calyx only.
It is also called Cheiranthodendron.
Donor, William Lynn, Esq.
5. A piece of Botany-Bay wood, three or four inches long, and an
2
inch and a half thick ; the wood white ; the bark fine pale
cinnamon lake, and of a lamellated structure.
' From a tree of the size of a dwarf apple-tree.'
6. A beautiful specimen of Sea-grape Fucus (genus Acinaria).
The air-vesicles are pedicellated, pyriform, about half an inch in length, and
are surmounted by a small filament, which, in one of them, terminates
in a downy tuft. Its fructifications are small elongated bodies, attached
in bunches, of from one to three inches in length, to the sides of the stem
and to the base of the fronds.
7. Fucus turbinatus ? Linn. Gmel.
A Fucus with the air-vesicles pedicellated, frequent, and alternate ; of a tri-
angular form, expanding into a foliaceous crenate summit. The fructi-
fications, like bunches of currants, are attached to the base of the pedun-
cles of the air-vesicles.
8. Fucus nodosus, Li7in. Gmel. The Knobbed Fucus.
Figured in Stackhouse's Nereis Britannica, pi. 10.
Habitat species. Not uncommon on our coasts ; the specimen is probably
from the coast of America, as many specimens of the striated barnacle
(Pentalasmis striata) are attached to it.
9. The Stipes or roots of Fucus loreus.
Hab. sp. Isle of Portland, and some other parts of our coasts.
10. A section of a very singular hollow Fucus ; with a smooth internal
surface, but tuberculated externally and supporting cylin-
drical branches.
Hab.
11. Ulva lactuca, Linn.
Hab. sp. European coasts.
12. Ulva pavonia, Linn.
Hab. sp. This beautiful species is common on the southern coast of France.
13. Group of some branched, capillary, dichotomous Ulvae or Con-
ferva; adhering to the stem of a Fucus.
14. Portion of a vertebra, with a group of Capillary Confervae ad-
hering to it ; the fibres of which, when magnified, appear
flattened. Length about three inches.
ANIMALS IN SPIRIT.
Division EVERTEBRATA.
Type ACRITA^
Class POLYPI.
Ordo VAGINATI. (Polypi with Polypiaries ''.)
No.
15. Tubularia ramosa, Lam. Linn. Branched Pipe Coralline.
Fig. in Ellis's Corallines, pi. 16. Jig. a.
Hab. sp. European seas.
16. Sertularia abietina, Lam. Linn. Sea-fir Coralline.
Fig. Ellis's Corallines, pi. 1. Jig. 2. b. B.
Hab. sp. European seas.
Numerous examples adhering to a long hollow stem or tube ; some small
Polhcipes are intermixed. The ovaries abound in winter-time.
17. Sertularia geniculata, Lam. Linn. Knotted Sea-thread Coralline.
Fig. Ellis's Corallines, pi. 12. Jig. 19. b. B.
Hab. sp. European seas ; often attached, as in the present example, to
the podded fucus.
18. Sertularia geniculata : — repent and erect on a piece of fucus.
Many with the oval jar-shaped vesicles attached, which contain the germs
of the future Corallines.
19. Ascidia intestinalis, overgrown by Sertularia geniculata.
" I have met with it on the coast of Sussex, growing upon the Ascidia in-
testinalis of Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1087, which is a soft, white, mem-
branaceous animal, nearly egg-shaped, that fixes itself by its base to rocks
and shells ; has two openings, one at the top and the other a little lower,
* Nervous System molecular.
In thus rendering the Polypes a Poly piers of Lamarck, the term Polypiary is adopted, as according
with the termination of Aviary and Apiary. Lamarck, indeed, illustrates his idea of the relation
between the stony or corneous axis of the polypes, and the polypes themselves, by comparing the
former to the nidi of social hymenoptera ; but in the opinion of Linne and Pallas the connexion is of
a much more intimate nature.
4
from whence it squirts out the water. On this the Knotted Sea-thread
Sertularia, or Coralline, sends forth its root-like tubes, nearly in straight
lines; from whence arise, at a small distance from each other, young
sprigs about an inch high, properly furnished with their denticles and
polype-heads, so as to form a beautiful little grove-like figure of this
animal. This most elegant specimen I have preserved in spirits." — Ellis
and Solander on Zoophytes, p. 49.
19 A. Sertularia pumila, Lam. Sea-oak Coralline.
Fig. Ellis's Corallines, pi. 5. Jig. 8. a. A.
Hab. On the English coasts, frequently attached to the broad-leaved in-
dented Sea-oak Fucus. This specimen is from the beach at Lancing,
Sussex.
Donor, W. Clift, Esq. F.R.S.
19 b. a beautiful specimen of Sertularia, with the branches equi-
distant and placed in a spiral order round the stem ; another
species of Sertularia is intermixed.
Hab. Pacific Ocean. Collected in the Expedition of Captain Beechy in
H. M. S. Blossom ; and presented by G. Tradescant Lay, Esq. 1828.
20. Sertularia.
Hab. —
21. Sertularia.
Hab.
22 J. B. A fine group of Sertularia or Antennularia, growing from
the margin of one of the valves of a large Mytilus.
Hab. Pacific Ocean.
23. Antennularia ramosa, Lam. Sertularia antennina, Ellis. Lob-
ster's-horn Coralline.
Fig. Ellis's Corallines, pi. 9. Jig. 14. b. from a dried specimen.
Hab. sp. European seas.
This is a fine specimen of the branched variety.
24. Plumularia falcata, Lam. Sertularia falcata, Linn. Sickle Co-
ralline.
Fig. This species is the conspicuous centre figure in the Frontispiece to
Ellis's Corallines ; also figured dry, at pl.T.f.W. a. A.
5
Hah. sp. " This Coralline is common on the coast of Kent, near Sheer-
ness, in the Isle of Sheppey ; and on the shores of many other parts of
these kingdoms." — Ellis.
A beautiful group on the shell of a bivalve.
25. Plumularia pinnata, Lam. Sertularia pinnata, Solander. Jointed
Sea-bristle Coralline.
Fig. Ellis's Corallines, pl.U. Jig. 1 6. a. A. ; pL 38. fig. 4.
Hab. sp. Coasts of England and France.
Many elegant specimens, attached to a portion of Fucus lendigerus.
26. Cellaria salicornia, Lam, Cellaria farciminoides, Ellis. Bugle
Coralline.
Fig. ElHs's Corallines, pi. 23.
Hab. sp. Mediterranean ; a well-known species.
Along with the Cellaria are some specimens of Plumularia myrio-
phyllum, La7n.
27. Cellaria salicornia.
28. Dichotomaria lapidescens, Lam. Corallina lapidescens, Solander.
Stony dichotomous Coralline.
Fig. Ellis's Zooph. pL 21. fig. 9.
Hab. sp. The coasts of TeneriiFe.
29- Dichotomaria lapidescens.
In this specimen the downy or tomentose covering of the joints is in many
parts preserved.
30. Dichotomaria rugosa ? Lam. Annulate rugose Coralline.
This specimen manifests the character " articulis cylindricis annulato rugu-
losissubcontinuis" ; but is much smaller than the figure quoted by La-
marck ; viz. Ellis's Zoophytes, pi. 22. fig. 3. ; it is of the size of Corallina
fragilissima, figured in pi. 21. fig. d. of the same work.
31. A portion of Fucus of which the stem is incrusted with Flustra
telacea, Lam. Network Sea-mat.
32. Flustra pilosa, Lam. Linn. Hairy Sea-mat.
Fig. EUis's Corallines, pi. 31. b.
Hab, sp. European seas ; commonly encrusting Fuci and other marine
6
plants, and sometimes raising itself into a leafy figure. In the present
specimen it invests in an elegant manner the ramifications of Fucus
ceranoides.
33. Flustra pilosa. Hairy Sea-mat.
The variety which rises into irregular leaf -like forms.
34. Tubipora musica, Linn, Red Organ-pipe Coralline.
Hab. sp. " When Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander saw them in vast abundance
on the coast of New South Wales, they appeared upon the tide of ebb
covered over with a striated gelatinous substance, which was so ex-
tremely slippery, that it was dangerous to tread upon them. The ani-
mal that inhabits them appeared to fill both the tube and inner little
pipe ; but they had not time to examine them alive in sea water, from
the dangerous situation they were in themselves." — Ellis's Zoophytes,
p. 144. pi. 27.
34 A. Specimens of Arcturus tuberculatus, Lair. {Cm. Rigne Animal,
nouv. ed. iv. p. 139.) infested with parasitic Sertulariae, Flus-
trae, and small Madreporae.
Collected in the Northern Expedition of Captain Parry, 1820, and presented
by Alexander Fisher, Esq., Surg. R.N.
34 B. A portion of Madrepore, of the genus Astrea, Lam., with the
animal part remaining in the cells.
Hab.
Donor, the Rev. Dr. Buckland, F.R.S. F.G.S. &c.
35. Melitsea coccinea, Lam. Isis coccinea, Ellis, Linn. Dwarf Scarlet
Isis.
Fig. ElHs's Zoophytes, pi. 12. ^g. 5.
Hab. sp. Indian Ocean. Coast of the Mauritius.
36. Gorgonia pennata. Var. B, cortice albidoflavescente,ljB.m. Var.A,
Americana, Lamouroux.
Fig. EUis's Zoophytes, pi. 14. Jig. 3.
Hab. sp. The Antilles and West Indies.
Many of the small Polypes with their cihated tentacula may be seen extend-
ing from the lateral pores.
7
37. Gorgonia alba ? Lam.
A small species, habit flat, with alternate doubly pinnate branches.
Hab.
Adheres to a coriaceous tube, probably of an Annelide.
38. Gorgonia.
Vide No. 2. pi. 18. Ellis's Zoophytes.
39. Corallina officinalis, Lam. Linn. Common Coralline.
Fig. Ellis's Corallines,;?/. 24./^. 2.
Ilab. sp. The European seas.
This group, which is attached to the shell of a limpet (Patella vulgata),
seems to be the second variety of Lamarck, minor et tenuior.
40. A similar group of Corallina officinalis, intermixed with Coral-
lina rubens, on a Patella.
41. Flabellaria tuna, iam. Corallina tuna, E//z5.
Fig. EUis's Zoophytes, pi. 20. fig. E.
Hab. sp. Mediterranean.
42. Spongia; to which many specimens of Zoanthus Ellisii (No. ?2.)
are attached.
43. A section of a simple, radiated, subpedicellated Sponge or Alcy-
onium, attached by a contracted base to a pebble.
44. A branched Sponge, intermixed with Cellaria salicornia, Sertu-
larise, Plumulariae, Ascidiae, &c.
45. Spongia ? from Sumatra. — It is a slender substance, of a can-
cellated or honeycomb structure, and consists of upright
laminae slightly muricated on the edges.
46. A portion of cancellated and lamellated Sponge similar to the pre-
ceding ; from Sumatra.
47. Spongia plicifera, Lam.
Hab. sp. The seas of America.
47 A. Spongia mammillaris, Miiller, Zool. Dan. iv. v. 44.
Fig. Zool. Dan. tab. clviii. fig. 3, 4.
V
8
Hah. Northern Ocean. Collected in the Northern Expedition, 1820, and
presented by Captain Edward Sabine, F.R.S.
47 b. Spongia mammillaris^
Collected in the Northern Expedition, 1820, and presented by Alexander
Fisher, Esq.
47 c. Tethia lyncurium, I^am. Mem. du Museum, i. var. 2. Fibris
radiantibus arcuatis, compositis, p. 69-70.
Mg. Esper. Suppl. 2. pi. 19.j^g. 4, 5.-|-
Ilab. Shores of Abyssinia.
Donor, Henry Salt, Esq. 1811.
48. Alcyonium favosum ? Lam.
Hah. Sumatra.
Ordo TUBIFERI.
49. Lobularia digitata, Lam. Alcyonium digitatum, Linn.
Fig. Ellis's Corallines,;?/. 32./^. 3. a. A.
Hah. Coasts of England.
Adhering to a pebble. A section is made to show the structure.
50. Lobularia digitata, on the stem of a fucus.
Clusters of ova are found in autumn at the base of the polypi of the Lobu-
laria.
51. Lobularia digitata, with smaller, more elongated and frequent
lobes than in the preceding specimens.
Hah.
51a. Xenia umbellata, Sav. Lam,
Hah. The specimen is from Abyssinia, and adheres to a portion of coral
rock.
This is one of the most remarkable of the compound animals. The polypi,
furnished with eight pectinated tentacles, are clustered like flowers at the
extremities of the stems proceeding from the fixed base.
Donor, Henry Salt, Esq. 1811.
* Lamarck has not noticed this species. From its texture, as exhibited in this section, it would ap-
pear to belong to his genus Geodia. — Anim, sans Vertebres, ii. p. 387.
9
Ordo NATANTES.
52. Veretillum cynomorium. Lam.
Fig, Phil. Trans, liii. tab. xxi. ^g. 3, 4, 5. The finger-shaped Sea-pen.
Pallas, Miscell. Zool. tab. xiii.^^-. 1 — 4. Pennatula cynomorion.
Hab. sp. Mediterranean.
53. Pennatula phosphorea, Lam. Linn. Pennatula britannica, Ellis.
Fig. Phil. Trans, hii. tab. jdx.Jig. 1 — 5.
Hab. sp. Coasts of England ; European seas.
The stem and the extremities of the pinnae of this specimen are white, — it
seems approaching to the white variety.
54. Pennatula phosphorea, of a deep red colour.
55. White and red variety of Pennatula phosphorea.
56. Pennatula grisea, Lam.. Gray spiny Pennatula.
Fig. Esper, Suppl. 2. tab.
Hab. sp. Mediterranean.
Si. Pennatula argentea, Lam. Linn. Gmel.
Fig. Soland. & Ellis, Zooph. jo/. 8. Jig. 1, 2, 3.
Hab. sp. East Indian Ocean. Its form is longer, and the pinnae are
shorter and more numerous than in the preceding species.
The specimen is suspended by the extremity of the bony axis of the body,
which is drawn out a little way,
58. A very fine specimen of Pennatula argentea.
Of all the genus this species is the most remarkable for the brilliant phos-
phorescent light which it emits in the night season.
59. Renilla americana, Lam. Pennatula reniformis, Solander. Kid-
ney-shaped Pennatula.
Fig. Phil. Trans, liii. tab. xix.^^. 6 — 10.
Hab. sp. Coasts of South America.
60. Renilla americana.
In this specimen, half of the side to which the Polypi are attached has been
dissected off, to show the ramifications of the trunk ; the radiated side
is left entire.
c
1©
61. The portion of Renilla americana removed from the preceding
preparation. » •
62. Renilla americana ? — appears to have been subjected to the action
of an acid, and to have been divided by a longitudinal section
to show its structure.
63. Virgularia juncea, Lam.
Fig. Esper, Suppl. 2. tab. iv.-|-
Hab. sp. European seas.
Part of the bone only of this species. The best figure of this genus is that
of Virgularia mirabilis, in Miiller's Zoologia Danica, tab. xi. See also Pro-
fessor Grant's description in Brewster's Philosophical Journal, vii. p. 30.
Type RADIATA.
Class ACALEPH^.
Ordo LIBERIE.
{HydrostaticcB.)
64. Physalis pelagica, Lam. Holothuria physalis, Linn. Amanitates
AcadamiccE, iv. p. 254. The Portuguese Man-of-War, Frigate,
or Sea-nettle of sailors.
Fig. Linn. Amoen. Acad. tab. iii. fig. 6. mala. Bory de St.-Vincent,
Voyage en quatre lies d'Afrique, pi. 54. fig. 1.
Hab. sp. Tropical seas. Are seen floating on the sea during calms, but sink
and disappear in tempestuous weather ; attaching themselves to marine
bodies during the agitation of the waters. "When handled, they exude
a subtile fluid, which causes much pain and heat. In the specimen the
tentacula are retracted or lost.
64 A . A singularly fine specimen of Physalis pelagica.
The tentacula extending from the inferior surface of the animal are of two
kinds ; some are short and thick, others remarkable for their length, and
for the lively and brilliant colours which they reflect during life.
Hab. Gulf of Mexico.
Donor, Mr. Bullock.
11
(Medusida.)
64 b. Beroe, Miiller, Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. xxix.
Ilab. Northern Ocean.
Donor, Capt. Ross, R.N. 1818.
64 c . Specimens of Beroe ovatus ? Bruguiere, Encycl. Meth. Vers, p. 175.
These and the preceding specimens are much contracted by the spirit.
Ilab. Arctic Ocean.
Donor, Lieut. Parry, R.N. 1818.
65. Velella mutica, Lam. Medusa velella, Gmel. The Sally Man.
Itg. Browne's Jamaica, pi. 48. Jig. 1 .
Had. sp. Atlantic Ocean.
The bone or fulcrum only of this species.
66 J. B. Velella limbosa, Lam.
Fig. Forsk. iEgypt. tab. -ss-Vi.fig. K.
Hab.
67. Porpita gigantea.
Fig. Peron et Le Sueur, Voyage, pi. 3\.Jig. 6.*|~
Hab. Atlantic Ocean.
68. Medusa hemisphaerica, Miiller, Gmel.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. vii. ^g. 1 — 5.
Many small specimens.
69. Medusa, with a crenate margin, and tentacula. Callirhoe ? Lam.
69 A. Medusa, with a single central inferior mouth, and four tentacular
arms ; no tentacula at the margin. Orythia ? Lam.
The fibrous structure beneath the integument is very distinct in this spe-
cimen.
Donor, Sir A. Carlisle, F.R.S. F.L.S. &c. .
70. A small Medusa, with tentacula at its circumference, and a pedun-
culated mouth, of the genus Dianaea, Lam.
71. Aurelia aurita, Lam. Medusa aurita, Liww. Gw.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. Ixxvi.
Hab. sp. The Baltic.
c 2
12
72. Cassiopea, Lam. A small species.
Bristles are placed in the four orifices^ situated on the inferior surface.
73. A small Medusa. Gen. Cyanea? Lam.
Hab.
73 A. Luminous Medusae, of very small size.
Hab. Brought from the Red Sea. They were in such profusion, that the
proportion of Medusae to the water was fully one-third, perhaps nearly
half. They were luminous only while alive.
Z)owor, Henry Salt, Esq. 1811.
Ordo AFFIX^.
{ActiniadcB, Sea Anemones.)
74. Zoanthus Ellisii, Cuv. Actinia sociata, Ellis. Clustered Animal
Flower.
Fig. Phil. Trans, vol. Ivii. pi. 19. fig. 1,2.
" Though I have had the clusters of this animal drawn erect on a rock, I am
persuaded, from the slenderness of their make, their situation would be
more natural if they were inverted." Ellis's Zooph. p. 5.
In the present example they are attached to the whole circumference of
some central substance, and extend from it in every direction.
Hab. sp. West India Islands. The specimens examined by Ellis were
from Dominica.
75. Zoanthus Ellisii.
Some of the individuals in this group being less contracted than the pre-
ceding, the extremities of the radiated tentacula may be seen. These and
the structure of the cavity are shewn in Nos. 260, 261, Gallery Series.
75 A. Two solitary specimens of Zoanthus, each adhering to a pebble.
Hab. Northern Ocean.
Donor, Captain Buchan, R.N.
76 J. B. Zoanthus Banksii, R.Owen.
Many specimens of fixed Acalephae, some single, others attached by two and
three to a common base. In length about one inch and a half, although
doubtless contracted by long maceration in spirit ; in form cylindrical, and
13
about three or four lines in diameter. Exteriorly they are muricated, and
furrowed longitudinally ; their interior presents an inverted hemispherical
mouth or proboscis, with retracted tentacula, and a membranous stomach
loosely connected to the sides of a cavity which extends to within half
an inch of their base. Along the sides of this cavity there are also lon-
gitudinal plicae of membrane, with an appearance of minute spiral tubes
running along their free margins, most probably the ovaries.
Their fixed condition, and participation of a common base, point out the
genus Zoanthus of Cuvier as their proper situation ; whilst their structure
appears to corroborate the opinion of that celebrated author as to the
rank of the genus itself in the scale of animal life. See Regne Animal, iv.
p. 43 ; and on the other hand, Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert, ii, p. 65.
Hah. Society Isles.
77- Actinia rufa, L.am. Linn. Red Actinia, or Sea Anemone.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. xxiii.
Hab. sp. Northern European seas.
78. Actinia rufa?
Two specimens, but their original colour is lost.
79- Actinia crassicornis, Lam. Linn.
Fig. Baster, Opusc. Subs. tab. xiii. Jig. 1 .
Hab. sp. European seas.
A fine specimen, in the expanded state.
80. Actinia crassicornis.
This specimen is contracted into a conical form.
81. Actinia crassicornis.
The base contracted, and the aperture of the mouth drawn open. ~
82. Actinia mesembryanthemum ? E//^s.
Much contracted, a lozenge-shaped portion cut out of the base.
83. Actinia anemone, Lam. Ellis. Sea Anemone.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 70. Jig. 5, 6.
Hab. sp. American Ocean.
84. Actinia helianthus, Lam. Ellis. Hydra helianthus, Linn. Sea
Sunflower.
14
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pL7\. fig. 1.2.
Hab. sp. American Ocean.
Mr. Ellis observes, " The tentacles or claws of all these animal flowers that
were preserved in spirits are greatly contracted." — Hist, of Zoophytes,
Class ECHINODERMATA.
{AsteriadcB, Starfish.)
85 J. B. Alecto. Leach, Zoolog. MiscelL ii. p. 6l. Comatula Solaris ?
Lam.
Hab. Society Isles.
The dorsal rays of this specimen are lost; but the tubular projecting mouth,
also characteristic of the genus, is well shown.
85 a. Alecto glacialis, Leach.
Hab. A very fine and perfect specimen brought up from 226 fathoms, in
Lat. 80" 26' N. Long. 12° 30' E. By H. M. S. Dorothea.
Donor, Captain Buchan^ R.N. 1818.
85 B. Alecto glacialis.
Caught in the same latitude and longitude as the preceding.
Donor, Captain Buchan, R.N. 1818.
85 c. Alecto glacialis.
Hab. In 250 fathoms ; Lat. 80° 26' N. Long. 1 1° 32' E. By H. M. S.
Trent.
Donor, Lieutenant Franklin, R.N.
86 J. B. Alecto carinata? Leach. The carinated Alecto.
Hab. Society Isles.
87- Alecto carinata, Leach.
Hab.
87 A. Euryale verrucosum, Lam. Asterias Euryale et caput Medusae,
Gmel.
Fig. Linck, Stell. Mar. p. 65. tab. xxix. Astrophyton scutatum.-f-
Hab. Indian Ocean.
15
87 B. Euryale costosum, Lam.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 130.^^. mala. Seba, Mus. iii. tab. 9. fig. 1. bona.
Shaw, Nat. Miscell. iii. pi. 103 ? Asterias caput Medusae.
Hab. sp. American seas. — The curiously branched rays are said to serve
the purpose of a living net, and to inclose by their sudden contractions
the objects which constitute the food of this species.
88. Euryale asperum, Lam. Asterias caput Medusae, Linn.
Fig. Seba, Mus. iii. tab. ix. fig. 2. Encycl. Meth. pi. 127.
Hab. sp. Norwegian, Mediterranean, and Indian seas.
The pointed tubercles in this specimen are confined to the dorsal or su-
perior aspect of the rays.
89- Ophiura, — a large and beautiful species.
The disk flat, subpentagonal, its diameter one inch two-thirds ; the five
inter-radial divisions terminating towards the mouth, each in a small
round scale. The rays five in number, cylindrical, gradually attenuated
to their extremities, with transverse rows of small spines laterally, as if
the squamae were ciliated. The diameter, taken from the extremities of
the extended rays, is sixteen inches.
Hab.
An Oph. lacertosa? Larn.
90. Ophiura lacertosa, Lam.
The inferior specimen is the Var.2. eadem radiis fusco vel spadiceo macu-
latis.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. \22. fig.A-, pi. 123. 1.
Hab. sp. European seas.
A portion of the tegument is removed from the dorsal aspect of the disk
to show the internal structure.
91. Ophiura ecliinata, Lam. Asterias aculeata, Linn. Thick-spined
Ophiura. Var. 1. spinis crassis.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 124. fig. 2, 3.
Hab.
92 J. B. Ophiura echinata. Var. 2. dorso IcEvi, spinis ienuioribiis.
Hab. Society Isles.
93 J. B. Ophiura echinata.
Hab. Society Isles.
16
93 A. Ophiura echinata, Lam. Far. 3. radiis versus extremitates magis
atteniiatis.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan, tab. xciii. Asterias nigra.
Hab. Northern Ocean. By H. M. S. Trent, 1818.
Donor, Lieutenant Franklin.
93 b. Ophiura squamata? Lam.
Vide Miiller, ZooL Dan. tab. xcix. Asterias aculeata.
Hab. Northern seas. Two specimens, by H. M. S. Dorothea.
Donor, Captain Buchan, R.N. 1818.
93 c. Ophiura ciliaris ? Lam.
Linck, SteU. Mar. tab. xxxiv. Jig. 56. -f-
Hab. Northern Ocean.
Donor, Captain Buchan, R.N. 1818.
93 D. Ophiura ciliaris.
A small specimen, from the Arctic seas. Northern Expedition, 1820.
Donor^ Alexander Fisher, Esq. Surg. R.N.
94. Asterias discoidea, Lam.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 97. Jig. 3 ; pi. 99. Jig. 3.
Hab.
95 J. B. Asterias exigua, Lam. Asterias minuta, Gmel.
Fig. Seba, Mus. iii. tab. v. fig. 13 — 15.
Hab. Society Isles.
96. Asterias exigua, — with a variety lobis senis.
Bab.
97- Asterias gibbosa of Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. p. 62. no. 59-
Hab. sp. South coast of England.
98. Asterias rosacea, Lam.
Fig. Encycl. M^th. pi. 99. Jig. 2, 3.
Hab.
This species bears a great resemblance in its singular flatness of form to the
Ast. membranacea of Gmelin ; but differs in the angles of its lobes being
less acute, and in its want of scales on the dorsal disk ; the tegument on
this aspect has very much the appearance of the fish-skin called sha-
green.
17
99- Asterias rosacea.
One of the clefts of the lobes is continued to the centre of the disk.
99 a. Asterias rubens.
A large specimen from the Arctic seas. Northern Expedition, 1820.
Donor, Alexander Fisher, Esq. Surg. R.N.
99 B. Asterias rubens, radiis sex.
Hah. Arctic Ocean.
Donor, Alexander Fisher, Esq. Surg. R.N.
99 c. Asterias, radiis septem, longitudinaliter costafis, costis verrucosis.
A large species.
Hab. Arctic Ocean. Northern Expeditiouj 1820.
Donor, Alexander Fisher, Esq. Surg. R.N.
100. Asterias laevigata, Lam. Linn.
Fig. Grew, Mus. tab.vm. ^g. 1, 2. Seba, Mus. iii. tab. vi. ^g. 13, 14.
Hab. Indian Ocean. The specimen is from the coast of Sumatra.
(-EchinidcB. Sea Eggs, or Sea Urchins.)
100 a. Numerous small Fibulariae (Fib. ovulum, Lam.) found in the
stomach of a Haddock caught at Hastings, Sussex, 1809.
Donor, W. Clift, Esq.
100 b. Spatangus purpureus, Lam. Echinus purpureus, Linn.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. vi. Encycl. Meth. pi. 157- fig- 1 — 4.
Hab. Northern Ocean.
101 J. B. Echinus esculentus ? Lam. Linn.
Depressed, with green spines.
Hab. Society Isles.
102 J. B. Echinus.
Same species as the preceding, but of larger size.
Hab. Society Isles.
103 J. B. Echinus.
A small species, depressed and concave at its superior disk.
Hab. Society Isles.
D
18
103 a. Echinus miliaris, Lam.
Fig. Seba, Mus. iii, tab. x. Jig. 4. a, b.
Hab. Northern Ocean.
Donor, Lieut. Frankhn, R.N. 1818.
103 B. Echinus miliaris.
Hab. Northern Ocean.
Donor, Lieut. Frankhn, R.N. 1818.
103 c. Echinus miliaris. var. spinis viridibus.
Hab. Northern Ocean.
Donor., Captain Buchan, R.N.
103 D. Echinus lucunter, Lam. Linn.
Fig. Seba, Mus. iii. tab. x. Jig. 16 — 18. but without the spines: they
are perfect in the specimen.
Hab.
103 E. Echinus.
A small species, with depressed clavate spines.
Hab. Island of Bonin.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
104 J. B. Echinus mammillatus, Lam.
Fig. Seba, Mus. iii. tab. xiii. /ig. 1,2.
Hab. Society Isles.
Four specimens without the spines.
105 J. B. Echinus mammillatus.
A beautiful and perfect specimen.
Hab. Society Isles.
106. Echinus mammillatus.
A remarkably fine and perfect specimen from Sumatra.
107. Spines of Echinus trigonarius? Lam. Cidaris mammillata, -yar. 4.
Leske ap. Klein, p. 124.
Hab.
108 J. B. Echinus mammillatus.
Some of the dorsal spines are of the same trihedral form as those exhibited
in the preceding specimen.
19
108 a. Cidarites metularia, Lawz.
Fig. Seba, Mus. iii. tab. xiii. Jig. 10.
Hab. Abyssinia.
Donor, H. Salt, Esq.
{FistulidcB.)
109 J. B. Fistularia tubulosa, Lam. Holothuria tremula, jLm?z.
Fig. Solander & Ellis, pi. 8. 4, 5.
Hab. Society Isles.
110 J. B. Eistularia tubulosa.
Hab. Society Isles.
111. Fistularia tubulosa ?
A small species, of a light colour ; the small tubuli are very obvious along
the ventral aspect of the body.
Hab.
112. Fistularia.
Ten inches in length, three in breadth ; flattened on the ventral or inferior
aspect, convex above, and studded there and at the sides with round
varioloid spots, which are dark-coloured at the margin, and have each a
small hole at the centre. Qu. Fistularia maxima ? Forsk. ^gypt. De-
script. Animal, p. 121. xxxviii, B.b. It differs however from the figure
and description, in the absence of papillae, being comparatively smooth ;
and in the larger and less frequent maculae.
113. Sipunculus nudus, Z/mw.?
Eight inches in length, and one inch in diameter at the anterior part of the
body ; but becoming narrower posteriorly, and then a little enlarging into
an obtuse extremity. The proboscis appears to have been dissected, and in
part removed, to show the retractile muscles : the integument is of a light
grey colour and iridescent ; it is impressed with numerous transverse lines
decussating equidistant longitudinal ridges ; the anus is situated about one
inch and a half from the root of the proboscis, it is papillary and sur-
rounded by radiating lines ; — a bristle is inserted into this orifice.
Fig. Bohadsch, Anim. Marin, tab. vii. fig. 6, 7-
Hab. sp. Bay of Naples ; there is no record of the habitat of the spe-
cimen.
20
113 a. Sipunculus phalloides, De Blainville, Diet, des Seiences Nat.
xlix. p. 311. Lumbricus phalloides, Pallas, Spied. Zool.
fasc. X. p. 12. tab. 1. /• 8. 8*.
Hab. Shores of the West India Islands.
Donor, Edward Stanley, Esq. F.R.S.
In a dissected specimen of this genus in the Gallery No. 605, the intestines
may be seen containing calcareous fragments of Zoophytes, which may
also be observed in the intestines of dissected specimens of the allied
genera Holothuria and Fistularia. But it is more probable that the
animal part of the corals and madrepores is assimilated, than that nu-
trition is derived from the earthy basis. — " Unde denuo apparet meram
terram huic quoque Mollusco, uti multis aliis, pro nutrimento esse."
Pallas, ut supra,/?. 15.
113b. Sipunculus.
This remarkable specimen is ten inches in length, and about one inch in
diameter, of a dark lurid colour, reflecting iridescent tints. It is sus-
pended with the mouth downwards, and the proboscis is retracted.
{Specijnina sedis incertce.)
114. The Animal figured but not described in Ellis's Zoophytes, pi. 8.
Jig. 6. " A sea animal found near the islands of Grenada."
Its proboscis is long and narrow, and has a number of subcorneous striae
at its extremity. Two small tubes (oviducts ?) project from an orifice
near the anterior extremity (the anus?). The integument is subcori-
aceous, of a greyish-white colour, and beset with numerous minute
brown tubercles, especially at the extremities of the body.
In the MS. Catalogue of Dr. Shaw it stands as "Physa Nebulosa, Solander"
but without reference to any work in which such genus is described. It
approximates closely to the genus Sipunculus, and is probably the same
with Sipunculus tuberculatus, De Blaijiville, Diet, des Sciences Nat. xlix.
p. 313.
114 a. Mammaria, Midler.
A specimen of this genus, which does not accord with the description of
any of the three species in Gmelin, Sy sterna Nature, \'\. p. 3135. It is
21
of a globular form, three-fourths of an inch in diameter, and has a rough
dirty exterior. Lamarck places this genus in his class Tunicata, but
without any deductions from anatomical structure ; he merely copies the
descriptions and references of Gmelin.
Hah. Arctic Seas.
Donor, Lieutenant Franklin, R.N. 1818.
Type MOLLUSCA^
Class TUNICATA. (Ascidies, Savigny, Animaux sans Vertebres.)
{AscididcE, MacLeay. Simple and fixed, having their orifices internally irregular.)
115. Ascidia intestinalis, Lam. Linn.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. Iv. Ascidia canina.
Hab. European seas.
This specimen agrees with fig. 1, 2, ?>,juniorem vel dwersam speciem. Bristles
are passed into the branchial and anal orifices.
116. Ascidia intestinalis. Sertulariai and fragments of shells adhering
to the outer tunic.
117. Ascidia intestinalis, with bristles passed into the cavity of the
outer cloak, by both apertures.
118. The outer tunic of an Ascidia divided transversely, probably
Ascidia ampulla. Lam.
Vide Encycl. Meth. pi fig. 1, 2, 3.
119 J- B. Boltenia reniformis, MacLeay, Linn. Trans, xiv. p. 536.
No. 3. Ascidia globifera. Captain Sabine, Suppl. App. to
Parry's V oyage, p. ccxxiv.
Fig. Linn. Trans, xiv./?/. 18.
Hab. The specimen was collected by Sir Joseph Banks in his voyage
round the world with Captain Cook ; — probably the north-west coast
of America.
" Nervous system ganglionic, with the ganglions dispersed irregularly but connected by nervous
threads.
22
119a. a finer specimen of Boltenia reniformis, from Winter Harbour.
Northern Expedition, 1820.
Donor, Alexander FisheT, Esq. Surg. R.N.
[BotryUidcE, MacLeay. Compound and fixed, having their orifices externally
regular.)
119b. Polyclinum constellatum ? Sav.
Fig. M^ra. sur les Animaux sans Vertebres, pi. 4. Jig. 1 . p. 189.
Hab. St. Lucia.
Donor, Rev. John Guilding, St. Lucia, 1814.
In this specimen the mass of aggregated animals forms a sphere of about
three inches in diameter : they are sunk into a semicartilaginous substance
of about half an inch in thickness ; and where a section has been made, the
cellules occupied by the different parts of each animal may be distinctly
seen. {Vide 'SdiV. ut supi'a,^.9.)
{LucidcE, MacLeay. Compound and floating, having their branchial cavity
open at the two extremities.)
119c. Pyrosoma atlanticum, Peron, Annul, du Museum, iv. p. 437.
Fig. Annal. du Mus. iv. pi. 72.
Hab. The Atlantic. It is remarkable for the beauty and variety of the
colours that are reflected when the animal is irritated ; in the figure
quoted the azure tint is given. For the structure of this singular genus
see Sav. Anim. sans Vertebr. p. 51. et seq.
{Biphorida:, MacLeay. Aggregated in their young state, and floating.)
119d. Salpa , Salpa confederata ? Forskahl.
Dagyza, Banks. The Chain Dagyza.
Fig. Home, Comp. Anat. ii. tab. Ixxiii. Jig. 1.
Removed from the Gallery (No. 3222, Old Catal.).
Hab. "In March 1801, these Dagysae were observed in the sea near
Cape Finisterra ; they were very near the surface, and formed chains
of several yards in length. From being subject to the undulations of
23
the waves, they sometimes appeared to have a serpentine motion. When
raised up out of the water they readily separated. The bodies composing
them were all exactly similar, and lay parallel to each other ; they ex-
hibited a remarkable synchronous contractile movement, repeated
about fifteen times in a minute ; the action of contraction being rapid,
that of relaxation slow and gradual. Their substance was a clear
transparent jelly, inclosed in a very fine capsule : at one extremity was
an opake central spot or globule, of a dull red colour, from which lines
appeared to radiate towards the circumference of the body." MS. note
by John Howship, Esq.
120. Salpa zonaria, Lam. Holotliuria zonaria, Gmel.
Fig. Pallas, Spicil. Zool. tab. 1. Jig. 17- a. b. c. Encycl. Meth. pi. 75.
fig. 8—10.
121. Salpa fusiformis ? L,am.
Fig. Cuvier, Ann. du Mus. iv. pi. 68. fig. 2.
Hab. Atlantic Ocean.
122. Salpa sciitigera, Cuv. Lam.
Fig. Annales du Mus. iv. pi. 68. fig. 4, 5.
Hab. Atlantic Ocean.
123. Salpa cristata, Cuv. Lam.
Fig. Annales du Mus. pi. 68. fig. 1, 2,
Hab. Atlantic Ocean.
The oblique intestines and transverse muscular bands are well seen in this
specimen.
124. Salpa Tilesii, Cuv.
Fig. Annales du Mus. iv. pi. Q9>.fig. 3 — 6.
Hab.'
124 A. A fine specimen of Salpa Tilesii.
The cartilaginous protuberance covers the stomach and liver. Upon the
protuberance there are many cartilaginous spines ; others may be ob-
served scattered over different parts of the outer sac.
125. Salpa maxima ? Lam. Gmel.
Fig. Shaw's Nat. Miscell. vii. pi. 232.
Hab. Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean.
24
126. The exterior triansparent sac of Salpa maxima, of a consistence
between cartilage and jelly.
127. Salpa maxima.
The outer tunic is laid open, and a bristle passed into the stomach.
128. Salpa maxima.
It is laid open, and the stomach, oblique intestine, and transverse muscular
bands are more completely exposed.
Class ACEPHALA. (Acephales testaces, Cuvier.)
129- Teredo navalis, Lam. Linn. The Ship-borer.
Fig. Home, Comp. Anat. iv. pi. 43.
Hab. sp. In wood immersed in sea-water.
130. Teredo navalis, with the valves, but stripped of the shelly tube.
131. Two specimens of Teredo navalis :
One of these is removed from its tube and laid open in several places ; the
other has a portion of the calcareous tube attached to one extremity.
132. A portion of timber injured by the Teredo navalis :
The soft parts and valve are seen projecting from the shelly tube, which is
laid open to show its course through the wood.
132 A. Pholas dactylus, Lam. Linn.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. pi. 39. Jig. 10.
Uab. sp. European seas, in rocks.
Donor, Sir Anthony Carhsle, F.R.S. F.L.S. &c. 1818.
132 B. Pholas dactylus.
The valves divaricated to show the soft parts in situ.
Donor, Mrs. Robinson, 1810.
132 c. Pholas dactylus.
One of the valves removed, giving a side view of the animal.
Donor, Mrs. Robinson, 1810.
132 D. Pholas crispata, Lam. Linn.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool./?/. 40./^. 12?
Hab. sp. European seas. The specimen is from a Septarium.
Donory Sir Everard Home, Bart.
25
132 E. Solen strigilatus, Lam. Linn.
Fig. Poli, Testacea utriusque Sicil. i. tab. xii.
Hab. Mediterranean, and Atlantic Ocean.
Donor, William John Broderip, Esq. F.R.S. &c. Sec. G.S. 1828.
132 F. A small biv^alve, of the genus Pectunculus, Lam.
Hab. Arctic seas ; attached by its byssus to a pebble.
Donor, Captain Buchan, R.N.
133. Modiola discors, Lam. Mytilus discors, Gmel.
Fig. Chemnitz, Conch, viii. p. 195. pi. QQ.Jig. 768.
Hab. Australian Ocean. The specimens are imbedded in a mass of byssus.
133 a. Modiola trapezina, Lam.
Hab. These specimens were taken off Cape Horn, by the Donor, Mr. S.
Stutchbury. Lamarck appears to have been unacquainted with the
Habitat of this species.
134. Soft parts of one of the Conchifera, probably of an Anodon.
134 A. Mytilus polymorphus, Lam.- adhering to Anodon anatinus.
A bristle is passed into the central aperture of the mantle, which, except at
this part, is closed all round : it has two tubes ; the foot is very small.
Hab. Dredged up in the Commercial Docks, London, where the species
has become naturalized, having been originally transported by mer-
chant vessels from the Continental rivers.
Donor, Mr. Samuel Stutchbury.
135. Mytilus edulis, var. /3, Linn. Mytilus pellucidus, Maton &
Rackett. Common Muscle.
Fig. Lister, Conch.;?/. 362./^. 200.
Hab. European seas.
135 A. Unio margaritiferus, Lam. Mya margaritifera, Linn. Pearl
Muscle.
Fig. Da Costa, Brit. Conch, pi. 25. ^g. S.-f- Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv.
p. 80.pl. 43. Jig. 18.
Hab. The rivers in the mountainous parts of Great Britain.
The present specimen, with many others, was brought from the Loch of
Kenmure Castle in Dumfries-shire, where they abound. "The poor
26
people, when the Loch is low, rake out the muscles, and select those
with deformed exteriors, as most likely to contain pearls." The pearl in
this example is imbedded in the foot of the animal ; in others it was
found unattached within the mantle. See Pennant, ut supra^ p. 80. 81 ;
and Dr. Fleming's Philosophy of Zoology, ii. p. 503.
Donor, Anthony White, Esq. 1 828.
135 B. Meleagrina margaritifera, Lam. Mytilus margaritiferus, Linn.
Gmel. Pearl Oyster ; the black variety.
Hab. Tropical seas.
In the present specimen the pearl is imbedded in the membrane of the
branchiae. It was taken at Hao, the Bow-Island of Cook, South Pacific,
by the
Donor, Mr. Samuel Stutchbury.
136. Plicatulse (P. depressa? Lam.), intermixed with Zoanthus Ellisii.
137. Lima squamosa, Lam. Ostrea lima, Gmel.
Fig. Chem. Conch, vii. tab. 68. Jig. 651.
Hab. American seas.
137 A. Pecten Franklinii, Clift, MS.
Hab. Arctic seas.
Donor, Lieutenant Franklin, 1818.
137 B. Terebratula dorsalis, Blainville, Malacolog. i. p. 510. The
Lamp-cockle.
Fig. Blainv. Malacol. ii. pi. 51. Jig. 1. la.
Hab.
Two specimens, one attached by its byssus to the other; the upper one
was examined by De Blainville in 1827, but the soft parts were in too
imperfect a state to afford any satisfactory result.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. V.P.R.S.
Class GASTEROPODA.
338. Chiton marmoratus, Linn. Gmel.
With an octovalve, canaliculate, and diagonally striped shell ; the sides of
the body squamulose.
27
Fig. Chemn. Chiton, pi. 1. Jig. 5.
Hab. American seas.
139 J. B. Chiton.
With an octovalve green shell, the lateral areae impressed with very delicate
radiating lines; the sides of the body squamulose. Chiton glaucus, Gray,
Spicil. Zool. p.b}
Hab. Australian seas.
140 J. B. Chiton.
With a grey octovalve shell, impressed with wavy longitudinal lines, the
last valve pyramidal, the sides of the body smooth. '
Hab. Australian seas.
141 J. B. Chiton.
Shell octovalve, with a granulate margin, and a longitudinal central brown
stripe. Chiton piceus. Linn. Gmel. 9
Hab. Australian seas.
142 J. B. Chiton.
With an octovalve, subcarinated, scabrous shell ; the sides of the body pro-
vided with short black aciculi, projecting from foramina. Chiton rari-
pilosus, De Blainv. Diet, des Sciences Nat. xxxix.p. 547-
Hab. Australian seas.
143 J. B. Small specimens of Chiton.
With a narrow octovalve shell, on each side of which, nine bundles of pale
blue shining hairs project from as many foramina.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pL 163. Jig. 13. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. pi. 36.
J%* ^' P- 71- Chiton crinitus ?
Hab. Sea near Aberdeen : Pennant.
144. Chiton crinitus, seu fascicularis.
With a narrow octovalve shell, and a series of foramina on either side,
which may have contained aciculi.
145. This specimen is of a genus distinct from Chiton and Chitonel-
lus, Lam.
Its octovalve shell is completely covered by the skin. A small longitudinal
slit corresponds to a crista in the middle of the convexity of each valve,
E 2
28
and on either side of these there is a series of elevated puncta. The cu-
ticle has become detached. Chiton porosus. Burrow, Elem. of Conch. P
145 a. Dentalium entale, Linn.
Fig. D'Argen, Conch, tab. iii. fg. kk.
Hab. Many specimens of the tubes and portions of the animals found in
them*, from Hartlepool, Yorkshire.
Donor, The Very Rev. George Markham, Dean of York.
146. Patella vulgata, Linn. The Common Limpet.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. t. 89. Jig. 145, 146.
Hab. Coasts of Europe.
Fucus rubens is attached to the shell.
147. Patella vulgata.
The soft parts, without the shell.
148. Patella vulgata.
The branchial membrane is reflected, and the commencement of the alimen-
tary canal exposed.
148 A. Two specimens of Patella, v;^ith masses of ova (?) attached to the
soft parts.
* Respecting these animals, Savigny gives the following note, in his Systeme des Annelides, p. 98.
" Mon sentiment, a I'egard de ces tubes calcaires, est maintenant appuye par un fait positif. J'ai
sous les yeux I'animal du Dentalium Entalis, que M. Leach vient de m'envoyer, et je ne lui trouve
pas a I'exterieur le moindre vestige d'articulations : il n'a certainement ni pieds ni soies. C'est un
animal tres-musculeux, de forme conique comme sa coquille, tres-lisse et tres-uni dans son contour,
termine posterieurement par une queue distincte, roulee en demi-cornet, au fond de laquelle est I'anus :
la grosse extremite du corps est tronquee, avec une ouverture voutee assez semblable a la bouche
d'un Trochus, de laquelle sort un panache conique produit par I'entrelacement d'une innombrable
quantite de petits tentacules filiformes, tres-longs, termines tous en massue. Voila des points que je
peux donner pour certains. Je soup^onne en outre que I'animal est pourvu d'une trompe, et que
dans son developpement complet, il deploie un luxe de tentacules beaucoup plus grand encore que
celui que I'etat de contraction laisse d'abord supposer. Le tube intestinal, qui descend entre deux
enormes colonnes de muscles, me paroit aller droit a I'anus et n'etre accompagne d'aucune viscere
remarquable. Ces observations faites a la hate suffisent neanmoins pour prouver que la Dentale n'est
point une Annelide, et qu'elle pourrait meme etre exclue de la division des animaux articules."
In accordance with this o'pinion, Blainville has arranged the genus Dentalium among the Mollusca
in his Sub-class Paracephalophora Hermaphrodita, Order Cirrhobranchiata. See also on this subject
the Zoological Journal, iv. No. xiv. p. 175.
29
Hah. Caught on the Sussex coast.
Donor y Mrs. Robinson, Sept. 1829.
149. Haliotis tuberculata, Z,am.
Fig. Lister, Conch./?/. 611. fig. 2.
Hab. European and Atlantic Oceans.
150. A small Murex, with several ovaria adhering.
They are of a somewhat triangular form, and rather larger than those called
by Ellis HydrcB triticece.
151. Buccinum undatum, Linn. Gmel. Lam.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. pi. 73. fig. 90.
Hab. European seas.
152. Buccinum undatum, with its inhabitant and operculum.
153. Cypraea tigris, Linn. Gmel. Lam.
Fig. Lister, Conch, pi. 682. fig. 29.
Hab. Indian Ocean.
The shell contains the soft parts ; those of another specimen are also sus-
pended in the same glass.
153 A. Three young specimens of Cypraea.
To show the progress of the formation of the shell before the adult state is
acquired.
Donor, Henry Salt, Esq.
153 b. Janthina fragilis, iam. Helix janthina, Linn. Gmel.
Fig. Lister, Conch, pi. 572. fig. 24.
Hab. The specimen was taken in the Gulf of Guinea ; when recent, the
shell had many rows of ova attached to its outer surface ; these are
figured in the Phil. Trans. I8I7. pi. xiii. fig. 1—6. p. 300.
The anatomy of this species is given by Cuvier in the 11th volume of the
Annales du Museum, p. 121. pi. 11.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. V.P.R.S.
154. Janthina globosa, Swainson.
With the soft parts, and the remains of the float.
155j.b. Janthina globosa.
The spire of the shell removed, to show the soft parts.
30
156. Trochus Niloticus, Linn. GmeL Lam.
Fig. Lister, Conch,/)/. 617- ^g. 3.
IJab. Indian Ocean.
The soft parts are suspended.
157. Turbo Pica, Linn. Lam.
Fig. Lister, Conch. pL 640. ^g. 30.
Hub. Equatorial Atlantic Ocean.
The shell is laid open to show the soft parts ; the , mouth is closed hy the
operculum.
158. Part of a small Turbo Pica.
Showing the attachment of the operculum to the soft parts.
158 A. Bullaea aperta, Lam. Bulla aperta, Lmw. Gme/.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. iii. tab. ci. ^g. 1 — 5.
Ilab. European seas : the specimens are from the coast of Weymouth,
Dorsetshire.
The upper specimen is suspended by the folds of the mantle which cover
the shell ; in the lower one the calcareous parts of the gizzard are
exposed. The anatomy of this species is detailed by Cuvier in the 1st
volume of the Annales du Museum, p. 156. pi. 12. ^g. 1 — 6.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. V.P.R.S.
158 B. Onchidium Typhae, Buchanan, Linn. Trans, v. p. 132.
Hab.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. V.P.R.S.
158 c. Laplysia camelus, Cmi?.
Fig. Annales du Mus. ii. pi. 51. (Laplysia, pi. 1.) Jig. 1.
Hab.
Mus. Leverianum.
158 D. Laplysia alba, Cuv.
Fig. Annales du Mus. ii. pi. 51. (Laplysia, pi. I.) Jig. 6.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. V.P.R.S.
159. Tritonia coronata, Lam. Doris coronata, Gmel.
Fig. Bomm^, Mem. de Fless. i. pi. 3.
Hab. Northern seas.
159 a. Scyllsea pelagica, Lam. Linn.
31
Fig. Annales du Mus. vii. pL 61. Jig. 1. 3. 4.
Hah. Northern Ocean.
Donor, Lieutenant Franklin, R.N. 1818.
Class PTEROPODA.
159 b. Limacina helicialis, luam. Argonauta arctica, GmeL
Fig.
Hab. Arctic seas, in great abundance.
l60. Clio borealis, Lam. GmeL Whalers-food.
Fig. Ellis's Zoophytes,/?/. 15. ^g. 9, 10. Cuvier, Hist, des Mollusques,
pi. xvii. Blainville, Malacol. pi. 46. ^g. I .
Hab. Arctic seas, serving, like the preceding species, as food for the
Whalebone Whale.
161. A single specimen of Clio borealis, suspended. ■^^'^■ ''''^^Jhi^
161 A. Very fine specimens of Clio borealis. 0/f^0^r> "^^;^\.
Hab. Arctic Ocean. iPl ;5i7
Donor, Captain Ross, R.N. 1818. V
Class CEPHALOPODA.
162. Octopus vulgaris, Lam. Sepia octopus, Gmel. UoXvTrovs anti-
quorum. La Foulpe.
Fig. Seba, Mus. iii. tab. ii. ^g. 1, 4.
Hab. European seas.
Two small but perfect specimens.
163. A large specimen of Octopus vulgaris.
In place of a cretaceous plate, as in Sepia officinalis, we find in this genus
only two very small elongated horny bodies.
164. Octopus vulgaris.
This is the species selected by Cuvier as the type of the structure of the
Cephalopoda : sec Histoire des Mollusques, p. 2, Sec.
164 a. Octopus ventricosus, Grant, Edinb. Philos. Journal, xvi. p. 309.
Eledone, Leach, Zool. Miscell. iii. p. 137.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. pi. 28.
32
Hah. This beautiful s})ecimen was taken at St. Just, Cornwall, January
1822 : its arms are compressed, and connected at their roots by a thick
web ; in the contraction preceding death they have become spirally con-
voluted in a very elegant manner, the three upper or dorsal pairs de-
scribing four gyrations, the ventral pair five : the surface of the inte-
gument is slightly wrinkled and granulate ; it is of a mottled lilac or
livid colour behind, but is smooth and approaches to white on the op-
posite aspect, and on the arras.
164b. Ocythoe Cranchii, Leach, Phil. Trans. 1817. p. 295. pi. 12.
Fig. De Blainville, Malacologie, ii. pi. I bis.y. 2.
Uab. The specimen was taken in the Gulf of Guinea.
" They had the power of completely withdrawing within the shell, and of
leaving it entirely. One individual quitted its shell, and lived several
hours, swimming about, and showing no inclination to return into it ;
and others left the shells as he was taking them up in the net. They
changed colour like other animals of the class Cephalopoda; when at
rest, the colour was pale flesh-coloured, more or less speckled with pur-
plish ; the under parts of the arms were bluish-grey ; the suckers whitish."
— Dr. Leach, ut supra, p. 294.
Donor, Sir Everard Home.
l64c. Ocythoe Antiquorum, Leach. Argonauta Argo, Linn. Lam.
Fig. De Blainville, Malacol. pi. 1. fig. 1. a. b. pi. 1 bis. fig. 1. pi. 1 ter.
Zoological Journal, iv. pi. 3.
Hab. The specimen was taken in the Mediterranean, and occupies the
same position in the shell as it did when it was captured. The animal
rests on a mass of ova.
Donor, William John Broderip, Esq. F.R.S. &c. V.P.G.S.
165. Loligo vulgaris, Lam. Sepia Loligo, Linn. Le Calmar.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv.
Hab. European seas.
A short arm and the extremity of a long one, to show the acetabula lined
with horn and attached by peduncles to these parts.
166. Loligo sagittata, Lam. Var. a. corpore oblongo, crassissimo ; bra-
chiis pedunculatis pmlongis.
33
Fig. Seba, Mus. iii. tab. iv. fig. 1.2.
Hab. European and American "Oceans.
The acetabula of the long arms are not confined to the enlarged extremities,
but extend to within a short distance of their commencement.
166 A. Loligo sagittata, Lam. Var. b. corpore gracili ; brachiis pedun-
culatis perbrevibus.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 77- fig- 1-2.
Hab. Mediterranean Sea.
Donor, B. Clifton Henderson, M.D.
166 B. Loligo sepiola, Lam. Sepia sepiola, Linfi.
Fig. Encycl. M^th. pi. 77- fig- 3.
Hab. Mediterranean Sea.
Donor, Mrs. Robinson.
166 c. Loligo sepiola, Lam.
Presented by Dr. Leach as his Sepiola Rondeletii.
166 D. Loligo Banksii, Leach, Zool. Misc. iii. p. 14L
Fig. Leach, App. No. ii. Tuckey's Narrative of the Congo Expedition,
p.AOl. De Blainville, Malacol. ii. pL 3. fig. 1.
Hab. "The colour of this, when alive, is pale flesh. The body is yellow-
ish behind, sprinkled irregularly with blackish spots teinted with pur-
ple. The external aspect of the arms is freckled with purplish. The
under parts of the fins without spots. One specimen was taken in
the Gulph of Guinea." — Leach, App. No. iv. p. 411. Tuckey's Narra-
tive of the Congo Expedition.
The corneous parts of the acetabula at the extremities of the long arms are
prolonged into the form of hooks or claws. In the Gallery are preserved
parts of the arms of a large but unknown cephalopod, in which the horny
parts of the acetabula are in the form of claws, hollow at their base, and
supported on soft conical processes. They are imbedded as far as the
hooked part in fleshy tubercles about the size of peas, which are arranged
in a double alternate series, and attached to the arm by very short and
narrow pedicles. — See Nos. 63, 1436, 1437.
Mus. Brookes. See Catal. p. 100. lot 63 Y.
167. Sepia officinalis, Lam. Linn. Oflficinal Cuttle-fish. La Seche.
Fig. Seba, Mus. iii. / 1 — 4.
34
Hab. Mediterranean and European Seas.
The species from which the cuttle-bone is obtained.
Type ACRITA^
Class ENTOZOA, Rudolphi^.
Ordo I. Nematoidea (v;?jM<a filum, ilhog forma).
Vermes teretes. RundwUrmer. Round worms.
Corpus teres elasticum. Tractus intestinalis hinc ore, illinc ano termi-
natus. Alia individua mascula, alia feminea.
Ordo II. AcANTHOCEPHALA {oizocvdoc Spina, xi(pu\7i caput).
Vermes uncinati. Hackenwiirmer. Hooked worms.
Corpus teretiusculum, utriculare, elasticum. Proboscis seriatim uncinata
retractilis. Individua alia mascula, alia feminea.
* But in genus Strongylus the nervous system exhibits traces of the Annulose type : vide Otto, in
Der Gessellsch. Naturforsche Freunde Magazin, vii. Berlin, 1816. p. 225. tab. v. fig. 1.; and Entoz,
Synopsis, p. 575.
'' The knowledge of the Entozoa or intestinal worms as a Class is of very late date. In the twelfth
edition of the Systema Naturae, 1767-8, eleven species only are enumerated: — Gordius medinensis,
Ascaris vermicularis, and lumbricoideSf with Fasciola hepatica, intestinalis, and harbata, are placed
among the Intestina ; whilst Hydra hydatula, Tcenia Solium, vulgaris, lata, and canina, are ranged
with the Zoophyta.
Bloch's Treatise on the Generation of Intestinal Worms, (Abhandlung von der Erzeugung der Ein-
geweidewiirmer, 1782,) succeeded by the more extensive work of Goeze, (Versuch einer Naturges-
chichte der Eingeweidewiirmer thierischer Korper, 1782,) added largely to the number of the described
species ; and some accurate divisions were also founded, Gmelin, availing himself of the labours of
these authors, and collecting also the species described by Redi, Pallas, O. F. Muller, and Werner, was
enabled to give two hundred and ninety-nine species in the thirteenth edition of Linne's Systema Na-
turae ; but of this labour Rudolphi remarks : " Gmelinus auctorum plurimorum observationes congessit,
sed tam judicio et experientia quam soUertia destitutus, plurima miscuit et implicuit, ut in synonymis
ab eodem perperam allegatis, extricandis, C. A. Rudolphi et Zederus multum desudaverint."
In 1801 Rudolphi's first Treatise on the Intestinal Worms appeared in Weidemann's Arcliiv fur
Zoologie und Zootomie ; but previous to this he had made them the subject of two Theses : in all
these works new species are described, and emendations of classification proposed. In 1808-10 his
great work, entitled " Entozoorum seu Vermium Intestinalium Historia Naturalis" appeared ; in which,
after dividing the Vermes of Linnaeus into four classes, viz, MoUusca, Gymnodela, Entozoa, Phytozoa,
35
Ordo III. Trematoda (t^t^i^k foramen^ -ulrig -osus ; foraminosus.)
Vermes suctoria. Saugwiirmer. Sucking worms.
Corpus depressum vel teretiusculum, moUe. Fori suctorii.
Omnia individua androgyna.
Ordo IV. Cestoidea {Kzsog cingulum, z^og forma).
Vermes taniisformes. Bandwiirmer. Tape-worms.
Corpus elongatum, depressum, moUe, continuum vel articulatum.
Caput paucissimorum simpliciter lahiatum, reliquorum bothriis vel osculis
suctoriis duobus aut quatuor instructum.
Omnia individua androgyna.
Ordo V. Cystica (Kvsig vesica).
Ver7nes vesiculares. Blasenwiirmer. Cyst-worms.
Corpus depressum vel teretiusculum, apice posteriore in vesiculam abiens
entozois singulis solitariam vel pluribus communem. Caput bothriis
(2 vel 4) aut osculis suctoriis (4) uncinulorum corona, vel proboscidi-
bus quatuor uncinatis instructum. Organa sexus in nullis hactenus
conspicua.
he further characterizes the third class, thus : " Entozoa ergo classem, aut si mavis ordinem sistunt
peculiarem, animalcula continentem, aliis in ammalihus ohvia, oculis nudis conspicua, nervis carentia,
partihus internis dissimilibus (discernilibus) instructa." Of the class of animals thus characterized,
upwards of eleven hundred species are given in the Entozoorum Synopsis, 1819.
Splendid figures illustrating all the genera in this work have been published by Bremser, (Icones
Helminthum, 1824,) which leave little to be desired in this respect by the student of Helminthology.
The anatomical structure of this class has been investigated by Tyson (Phil. Trans, xiii. 1683), —
by Hunter, see in the Gallery of the Collection, Nos. 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 486, 257, 258,
259, 267, 268, 269, 321, 587, 588, 589, (859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, Carlisle.) 2584, 2585,
2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2757, 2758, 2759, 2760,— by Sir A. Carlisle (Linn. Trans, ii.),— by
Cuvier, and the systematic authors previously quoted ; and more recently by Jules Cloquet (Anat. des
Vers Intest. Ascaride Lombricoide et Echinorhynque Geant, 1 824).
From the intimate connection subsisting between the study of the Entozoa and the Medical Sciences,
more especially Pathology, it has been thought advisable to subjoin the characters of the orders and
genera ; and there is also added a synoptical table of the specimens contained in this part of the Ca-
talogue.— R. O.
F 2
36
Ordo I. NEMATOIDEA.
Genus I. FiLARiA.
Corpus teres, elasticum, subcsquale, elongatum. Os orbiculare. Genitale
masculum : spiculum simplex.
167 A. Filaria medinensis, Gmd. The Guinea worm.
Hah. In man, in the subcutaneous cellular texture, especially of the
lower extremity ; peculiar to tropical regions.
Fig. Williams, Observ. on the West Indies. Edinb. \%VJ.p. 57- tab. 1.
See Hunter on the Blood, 4to. 1794. p. 208.
This specimen, which is twenty-two inches in length, was extracted from the
leg of a boy- who was a patient in the London Hospital : from the pro-
tracted nature of the operation it is necessarily preserved in a dry state.
Donor, Sir Wilham Blizard, F.R.S. &c. July 8th, 1809.
167 B. A fine specimen of Filaria medinensis.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. 1811. (No history.)
167 c. Filaria gracilis, "Rud. The slender Filaria.
Hah. Was found. May 1829, imbedded and coiled up in a cyst of cellular
membrane close by the trachea of a young rufous Oran Otang from
India. (Simia satyrus, Linn. Cuv.)
Donor, Mr. Richard Owen,
167 D. Filaria gracilis.
Fig. Bremser, Icones Helminth, tab. \.f. 1 — 5.
Hah. These specimens were found in the cavity of the chest, between the
pleura pulmonalis and costalis, and convoluted in the intervals of the
lobes of the lungs of Simia capucina.
Two of the specimens, in length about ten inches, are suspended, the re-
mainder are attached to the lung, which is much disorganized by scro-
fulous depositions.
Donor, Mr. R. Owen.
168. Filaria papillosa, Rud. Fil. Equi, Gmel.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. 1. Jig. 8 — 11.
Hah. The species infests the horse ; it may be found in the cavities of
37
the abdomen and chest, behind the peritoneum or pleura, in the aspera
arteria, or in the cavity of the eye.
169. Filaria papillosa.
A portion of the lung of a horse ; one of the bronchial tubes is laid open,
and a number of this species of Filaria are exposed, coiled up and inter-
woven together.
169 A. The eye of a horse laid open, exposing a Filaria papillosa;
[which had bred there and occasioned dropsy of the cavity, with absorp-
tion of the hyaloid membrane and retina. The choroid has, become thick
and tough, and slightly granular on its central aspect: on a close in-
spection it appears to be lined by a thin layer of cellular membrane. A
partition of dense cellular membrane, separable into laminae, stretches
across the cavity of the eye behind the lens ; the capsula propria of which
has also undergone morbid thickening and opacity. In the Synopsis
Entozoorum a case is noticed by Rudolphi, of a Filaria papillosa in the
right eye of a horse, where its lively motions were observed for some
time : the sight was not wholly lost, but the cornea was covered with
small opake spots, the lens and its capsule were destroyed, and the whole
eye appeared to be filled with a nebulous humour.]
Donor, Prof. Coleman, 1826.
170. Filaria Macropi majoris. {Sp. dub.) Filaria of the Kangaroo.
Two specimens of this species, between four and five inches in length and
a line in thickness, of a yellow colour, and so transparent as to permit
two spiral vessels (oviducts ?) and a straight tube (digestive canal ?) to be
plainly seen.
Hab. " Worms found alive within the capsular ligament of the knee-joint
of the Kangaroo" written on the bottle.
171. Filaria Apis terrestris. [Sp. dub.) Filaria of the Humble-bee.
Hab. In the cavity of the abdomen of the humble-bee.
172. A Humble-bee laid open to show Filariae in the abdominal
cavity.
Mr. Hunter has the following note respecting this species ; " Of the animal
that breeds in the humble bee : — ' In many I have found in their abdomen
what I suspect to be of the kind, but of a particular kind, some of which
are very small, only to be distinctly seen by a magnifying glass.'"
38
Genus II. Trichosoma.
Corpus teres, elasticum, tenuissimum, retrorsum insensibili modo increscens. Os
punctiforme. Genitale masculum : filum simplex vaginatum.
Genus III. Trichocephalus.
Corpus teres, elasticum, parte antica capiUari subito in crassiorem transeunte. Os
orbiculare. Genitale masculum simplex vaginatum.
173. Trichocephalus dispar, Kud, Trichocephalus Hominis, Linn.
Hab. The caecum of Man.
Fig. Goeze, Naturgeschichte der Eingeweidewiirmer, t. vi. f. 1 — 5.
173 A. Many specimens of Trichocephalus dispar.
These were found in a living state by Joshua Brookes, Esq., upon and in
the caecum (of a human subject) ; which was " perforated as it were
by a number of pinholes. A considerable portion of the internal coat
of the intestine was eroded."
Mus. Brookes. Vide Catal. p. 105. lot 41.
174. Trichocephalus depressiusculus ? Kud. Trichocephalus Vulpis ?
Gmel.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. \.f. 18.
In the specimen, the capillary anterior part is broken off from the rest of
the body.
Hab. The species may be found in the caecum of Canis familiaris and
C. Vulpis.
Genus IV. Oxyuris.
Corpus teres, elasticum, parte postica {femintB) subulata. Os orbiculare. Penis
vaginatus.
Genus V. Cucullanus.
Corpus teres, elasticum, postice attenuatum. Capitis ore orbiculari cucullo striato.
Genitale masculum : spiculum duplex.
39
Genus VI. Spiroptera.
Corpus teres, elasticum, utrinque attenuatum. Os orhiculare. Penis inter alas
caud(R spiraliter devolutce. laterales emergens.
174 A. Spiroptera Hominis, Kud,
Hah. The urinary bladder of Man.
Fig. Medico-Chirurgical Trans., ii. tab. 8.
In the same volume, p. 385, are given a description of the worms and an
account of the case, by W. Lawrence, Esq.
" In Canis lupi Januarii d. 22, 1817- Berolini a me dissecti vesica urinaria
entozoa reperi, glomere fere inextricabili convoluta, cinerascentia, parti
anteriore capillari tenuissima longissimaque sensim in partem crassioreni
abeunte, apice caudali obtuse obiter incurvo." — Rudolphi, Entoz. Sy-
nopsis, Mantissa \ . p. 222.
Donor, John Barnett, Esq., by Sir Everard Home, Bart. June 14, 1813.
Genus VII. Physaloptera.
Corpus teres, elasticum, utrinque attenuatum. Os orbiculare. Cauda maris de-
flexa, utrinque alata, vesicam inferam sistens. Penis tuberculo emissus.
Genus VIII. Strongylus.
Corpus teres, elasticum, utrinque attenuatum. Os orbiculare vel angulatum.
Apex Cauda mascula terminatus bursd penem emittente.
175. Strongylus armatus, J^^wc?. Strongylus equiniis, Gme/. Var. minor.
Fig. Bremser, Icones Helminth, tab. iii. fig. 10 — 15. Vide Hodgson,
Diseases of Arteries and Veins,/?. 569 — 575.
Hab. In aneurisms of the mesenteric arteries of the horse and ass. Var.
major, in the large intestines of the same animals.
Two portions of the mesenteric artery of the horse, aneurismatic and dis-
eased, are laid open ; showing the heads of the Strongyli buried in flakes
of effused lymph or coagulum.
176. Strongylus armatus.
An aneurismatic mesenteric artery of the ass laid open, and exhibiting the
Strongyli mixed with coagula and lymph.
40
176" A. Strongylus armatus.
Portions of the mesenteric artery of a young ass, in an aneurismatic and
diseased condition. The largest tumour is laid open and is filled with
coagula, in which the Strongyli are imbedded.
Fig. Hodgson, Engravings intended to illustrate some of the Diseases of
Arteries, 4to. pi. viii. Jig. 2, 3.
Donor, Joseph Hodgson, Esq. 1812.
177. Strongylus gigas, Rud. Ascaris renalis, Gmel.
Hah. In the kidney (rarely in any other part,) of Man and other mam-
mifera.
Fig. Rudolphi, Entozoorum Hist. Nat. i. tah. ii. Jig. 1 — 4.
A specimen eighteen inches long.
177 a. Strongylus gigas.
A fine specimen, in length twenty inches, " found in the kidney of a patient
of the late Thomas Sheldon, Esq."
Mus. Brookes. See Catal. p. 105. lot 52 CE.
178. Strongylus gigas.
It is wreathed and imbedded in, and occupies nearly the whole of the kidney
of some small quadruped.
178 a. Strongylus gigas.
From the kidney of a racoon (Procyon lotor). This specimen preserves
its natural blood-colour, which is lost in the preceding by long maceration
in spirit.
Donor ^ Dr. Richardson, 1822.
178 B, Strongylus filaria, Rud.
Hab. In the sheep.
One of the bronchial tubes of a sheep is laid open, and a number of this
species exposed. On the cut surface of the lung they may be observed
hanging out of the smaller ramifications of the air tubes.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tah. iii. Jig. 26 — 31.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
178 c. Strongylus inflexus, jRf^c/.
Hah. In the porpesse (Delphinus Phocaena).
The specimens were found July 1 829, in the pulmonary arteries of a por-
41
pesse, extending from the trunk to the minute branches. The vessels
were in a healthy condition, not presenting any of the morbid appear-
ances observable in the mesenteric arteries of the horse or ass when
infested with this genus. (No. 175. 176-)
Donor, Mr. R. Owen, 1829.
178 D. Strongylus inflexus.
A portion of the lung of a porpesse, exhibiting a single specimen in one of
the extreme branches of the pulmonary artery ; none were found in any
other part of the lungs of this animal.
Donor, Mr. R. Owen, 1830.
179. Strongylus minor, Kuhn, MSm. du Mus. xviii. p. 363. »
Hab. In the Porpesse. Numerous specimens from the cavities of the
tympanum, of the Eustachian tube, and of the venous sinuses at the
base of the brain.
Vide Gallery, No. 1622 : Dissection of the organ of hearing of a porpesse
infested with this species.
180. Strongylus criniformis, l^ud. Uncinaria Melis, Gmel.
Fig. Goeze, Naturg. der Eing. tab. iii. Jig. 1 — 4. Asc. criniformis.
Hab. The intestines of the Badger (Meles vulgaris).
180 A . Strongylus Vulturis. Sp. dub. orepapilloso, parte posticd crassiore.
Hab. In a Vulture.
Mus. Brookes. See Catal. p. 105. lot 47 CE.
The " bursa penem emittens" is well shown in the male specimens.
Genus IX. Ascaris.
Corpus teres, elasticum, utrinque attenuatum. Caput trivalve. Genii ale mas-
culum; spiculum duplex.
181. Ascaris lumbricoides, Linn. Syn, Engl, The Round Worm.
Germ. Spulwurm. Fr. Lombric. Ital. Verme tondo, lom-
brico.
Rudolphi considers this worm a variety only of the preceding species. " Strongylus inflexus mihi
dictus, quern Klein, Camper, et Albers in Delphini Phocense tympani cavo repererunt, a verme quern
Amicus modo dictus in ejusdem bestiae pulmonibus detexit, vix specie differre videtur." Entoz. Hist.
Nat. i. p. 348.
42
Goeze, Naturg. derEing. ;«^. i./^.l — 3. Ascaris Gigas. Bremser,
Icon. Helminth, tab. iii. fig. 10. 11. (The head.)
Hab. The small intestines of Man, and also in the intestines of the genera
Sus, Bos, Equus, and Asinus.
181 A. Ascaris lumbricoides ;
longitudinally dissected to exhibit the numerous convolutions of the ovi-
ducts. See Gallery, No. 2484. 2485.
Fig. Phil. Trans, xii. 1683, Lumbricus teres, account of, by Edward
Tyson, M.D. pi. at p. \&\, fig. 2. 3. Cornua uteri [oviducts) in situ, and
unfolded. See Cloquet, Anat. des Vers Intest. pi. iv.
Mus. Brit.
181 B. Ascaris lumbricoides; Ascaris megalocephala, Cloquet.
Hab. The intestines of the Zebra.
The heads of these specimens very well illustrate the peculiarities observed
by Cloquet in the lumbricoid ascarides of the horse. Anat. des Vers
Intest. p. 59.
Donor, Mr. Cross.
182. Ascaris marginata, Rud. Asc. Canis, Gmel. Lumbricus Canis,
Werner.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. iv. fig. 21.
Hab. The small intestines of the Dog.
Many specimens mixed with Taeniae. Vide No. 219.
183. Ascaris vermicularis, Linn.
Fig. Goeze, Naturg. der Eing. tab. v. fig. 133 — 137-
Hab. The large intestines of Man ; especially the rectum of young in-
dividuals.
The rectum of a child inverted near its termination, showing the Ascarides
firmly attached to the mucous membrane.
184. Ascaris vermicularis.
The rectum of a soldier from Portugal laid open. The mucous coat is much
thickened, and is perforated in many places by these Ascarides.
184 a. Ascaris spiculigera, Rud.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. v. fig. 5 — 8.
43
Hab. The oesophagus and proventriculus of the Cormorant (Phalacro-
corax Carbo).
Mus. Brookes. See Catal. p. 105. lot 48 (E.
184 B. Ascaris spiculigera.
The proventriculus and gizzard of a Cormorant, laid open to show these
Ascarides coiled up and intermixed with flakes of mucus.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. V.P.R.S. &c.
185. Ascaris Testudinis terrestris ; an A. dactylura, Rud. ?
Hab. " From the rectum of a land tortoise" on the bottle. >
The specimens are exceedingly numerous and small, not more than one-
fourth of an inch in length, and of a yellowish hue ; extremities equally
attenuated. Rudolphi relates, after Redi, that not less than 72,000 of
these Ascarides were found by the latter in the caecum of a land tortoise.
185 A. Ascaris Pythonis. {Sp. dub.)
Many specimens from the stomach of a large serpent (Python, Daudin),
where they were intermixed with Bothriocephali. (No. 206 c.) They are
between five and six inches in length.
Donor, Mr. Cross.
186. Ascaris Colubri. (Sp. dub.)
Hab. The stomach of a Coluber.
The Ascarides are exposed in situ, of various sizes ; a bristle is passed be-
hind some of the largest specimens, which are about two lines in dia-
meter.
187- Ascaris ; corpore utrinque aqualiter attenuato.
These specimens are of a deep amber colour, and vary in length from two
to four inches.
188. Ascaris ; parte posticd crassiore.
Colour a pale yellow ; a few are of the length of four or five inches, the
rest scarcely exceed an inch, but seem from their habit to have been
from the same animal.
189- Ascaris ; corpore utrinque aqualiter attenuato.
About a third of an inch in length, and very pointed at the extremities.
G 2
Genus X. Ophiostoma.
Corpus teres, elasticum, utrinque attenuatum. Caput bilabiatum^ labio superiore
et inferiore.
Genus XI. Liorhynchus.
Corpus elasticum, teres. Caput evalve, oris tubulo emissili, Icevi.
189 a. Liorhynchus gracilescens, Rud.
Hab. In the Great Seal (Calocephalus barbatus).
Numerous specimens found in the stomach ; some exhibit the tubulus
emissilis, others are larger and have the habit of ascarides.
Donor, John Edwards, Esq. Surg. R.N.
Ordo II. ACANTHOCEPHALA.
Genus XII. Ech^norhynchus.
( Character Ordinis etiam ille Generis unici.)
190. Echinorhynchus porrigens, Rud. Syn.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. Vu.Jig. 1. Rudolphi, Synopsis Entoz.
tab. I. fig. 4.
Hab. The intestines of the Whalebone Whale (Balaena Mysticetus).
A portion of intestine, marked " Small Whalebone Whale," to which a num-
ber of these Echinorhynchi adhere, their heads being concealed and im-
bedded in sacculi of the mucous and cellular coats of the gut. For the
form of the sacculus and of the animal's head, see Gallery, No. et seq.,
where the Echinorhynchi have perforated both the mucous and muscular
coats.
191. Echinorhynchus balanocephalus, R. 0. The Acorn-headed
Echinorhynchus.
Ech. Proboscide magnd glafidiformi, collo filiformi brevi, corpore antice cras-
siore, utrinque obtusissimo.
Long. corp. lin. 7-
Hab. Intestines of Balaena rostrata, Hunter^: Phil. Trans. 1787-
This species is the Echinorhynchus BalanoB of the Hist. Entoz. ii. part 1 .
p. 304. n. 40, and is there adopted on the authority of Mr. Hunter ; but
Balaenoptera acutirostrata, Lacep.
45
Rudolphi had not seen the species, and consequently, when he afterwards
found Kchiiiorhynchus porrigens adhering to the intestines of Balmia
rostrata in the Anatomical Museum at Berlin, he incorporated the two
species (Synops. Entoz. p. 71- n. 34. & p. 324.). By Gmelin, on the
other hand, it is confounded with the Echinorhynchus Anatis moUissima
of Phipps (Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. vi. p. 3045.), which it somewhat
resembles ; but from which it differs in having a much larger proboscis,
and a body thicker in proportion to its length, and more obtuse at the
extremities. This proboscis resembles a minute acorn, but is placed
in a reversed position, being connected to the body by a filiform neck
proceeding to the apex of the smooth part, while the anterior thicker
segment, armed with (12 to 15) series of minute recurved hooks, projects
forward and simulates the husk or cup.
192. Echinorhynchus balanocephalus.
A large portion of the intestine of a Whale, laid open to show a number of
this species attached to the internal surface ; where the section is made,
the form of the head and depth of the sac containing it may be seen.
193. Echinorhynchus filicollis, ^ud. Echinorhynchus borealis, Gme/.
Sipunculus lendix,»So/awi/er, Phipps's Voyage towards the North
Pole, j9. 194.
Fig. Original drawing. No. 69. cube ii. drawer 5. Phipps's Voyage
towards the North Pole, tab. xiii. y. 1. a. b. c.
Uab. " Found adhering by its small snout to the inside of the intestines
of an Eider Duck. Mr. Hunter, who at my request dissected it, in-
formed me that he had seen the same species of animal adhering to the
intestines of Whales." />. 194.^
A large portion of the intestine of Anas mollissima with a number of Echi-
norhynchi filicolles adhering to its inner surface. On comparing these
specimens with the specific character given by Rudolphi, the terms " cor-
pore oblongo utrinque obtusissimo'^ ought rather to be exchanged for "cor-
pore oblongo utrdque extremitate parum attenuator
* Rudolphi, assuming the word 'species' to have been used by Hunter in the conversation in a
rigorous sense, observes : *' Humerus se eandem ac insequentem speciem (viz. Ech. An. moll.) in
balaena reperisse Phippsio narravit ; hoc tamen vix admiseris ; mammalium enim et avium vermes
nunquam specie conveniunt." Entoz. Hist. Nat. ii. 'pl. i. p. 304.
46
194. Echinorhynchus filicollis.
A smaller portion of the intestines of a bird, with the species adhering.
OrdoIII. TREMATODA.
Genus XIII. Monostoma.
Corpus molle, teretiusculum vel depressum. Porus anticus solitarius.
Genus XIV. Amphistoma.
Corpus molle teretiusculum. Poru^ anticus et posticus solitarii.
194 a. Amphistoma conicum, Kud.
Hah. The first cavity of the stomach of the Reindeer ; adhering to its
inner membrane by the larger orifice, which must consequently be con-
sidered the anterior, and, as Rudolphi has himself remarked (Synop.
p. 360), will reverse the character given at p. 91. ^'■A. corpore tereti,
retrorsum increscente obtuse, ports integerrimis, antico minimo, caudali
magno."
Donor, Mr. Clift.
194 b. a portion of the Reindeer's stomach, with a number of the
preceding species adhering to it.
This preparation much resembles a stomach with hotts {Vide No. 608. 609) ;
and the Entozoa might be mistaken for those larvae on a superficial in-
spection.
Donor, Mr. Clift.
195. Amphistoma subtriquetrum, Kud. ?
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. viii. Jig. 32. 33.
Hab. The small intestines, csecum, and colon of the Beaver (Castor
Fiber).
Genus XV. Distoma.
Corpus molle, depressum aut teretiusculum. Pori solitarii anticus et ventralis.
196. Distoma hepaticum, Abildgaard. Fasciola hepatica, Linn. The
Liver-fluke. Germ. Der Leberwurm. Fr. La Douve.
Fig. Carlisle, Trans, of Linn. Soc. ii. tab. xxv. fig. 17 — 19-
Hab. In the liver, gall-bladder and ducts of Man and other mammifera,
47
viz. of the genera Ovis, Capra, Bos, Cervus, Equus, Sus, Lepus, &c.
Most common in the Sheep.
These specimens are from the sheep. In many of them the central convo-
luted tubes, and vessels radiating to the margin, are filled with dark
coagulated fluid.
197- Distoma hepaticum, (also from the sheep,) of a darker colour.
198. Distoma variegatum, R. O.
Dist. teres, abdomine prominente, antice adpunctum decrescens, pos-
tice obtusum ; poro antico rotundo exiguo, ventrali- transverso
maximo.
Hah. The gall-bladder of the Wolf-fish (Anarhichas Lupus).
This species is of the size of a grain of rice, and of a yellow colour variegated
with black. It diflPers from the Distoma incisum of Rudolphi (Entoz.
Hist. Nat. ii. pars i. p. 361.) in the roundness of its form, and in its pointed
anterior extremity.
199- Distoma lineare, Rud. Fasciola trachea, Montagu.
Fig. Trans, of Wernerian Society, i. pi. 193. Jig. 4.
Uab. The trachea of the Domestic fowl and of the Partridge (Perdix
cinerea). Several specimens from the trachea of a chicken.
200. Distoma lineare.
A small portion of the trachea of a bird laid open, and exhibiting one of this
species, which has lost its original pink colour, and become blanched in
the spirit. The anterior orifice is slightly sexpartite ; the ventral foramen
is produced on a long capillary stalk, thinner in proportion than that of
the Distoma furcatum of Bremser ; in this example it projects forward
unattached to the trachea.
201. Distoma lineare.
It is this species of Fluke that occasions the fatal distemper in young
chickens and pheasants, usually termed the gapes : after death, the
trachea is found to be completely choked up by them, as in the present
specimen from the partridge.
202. Distoma Hydrophidis. {Sp. dub.)
Hah. " Taken out of the ovarium of a Water-snake." — Old Catal.
48
Genus XVI. Tristoma.
Corpus depressum. Port duo antici simplices, iertius posticus radiatus. Inter illos
OS, proboscidem P emittens.
Genus XVII. Pentastoma.
Corpus teretiusculum vel depressum. Os inter poros utrinque binos, hamulum
eniittentes, lunatim positos.
Genus XVIII. Polystoma.
Corpus teretiusculum vel depressum. Pori sex antici, ventralis et posticus so-
litarii.
Ordo IV. CESTOIDEA.
Genus XIX. Caryophyll^us.
Corpus depressum, continuum. Caput dilatatum fimbriatiim, bilabiatum, labio supe-
riore et inferiore.
Genus XX. Scolex.
Corpus depressum, continuum. Caput bothriis quatuor instructum.
Genus XXI. Gymnorhynchus.
Corpus depressum, continuum, longissimum, colli receptaculo subgloboso. Caput
bothriis duobus biparlitis instructum, proboscides quatuor nudas retraciiles
emittens.
Genus XXII. Tetrarhynchus.
Corpus depressum, continuum. Caput bothriis duobus bipartitis instructum, pro-
boscides quatuor uncinatas retractiles emittens.
Genus XXIII. Ligula.
1. Statu ante evolutionem^ : Corpus depressum, continuum, longissimum, sulco
longitudinali medio exaratum. Neque capite neque genitalibus conspicuis.
* The status ante evolutionem is that state in which the Ligula exists while in the abdominal cavity
of the fish which it infests : the status evolutus appears in the Ligulas of the intestines of birds and
mammalia that prey on fish ; and is conjectured by Rudolphi to be produced by the increased warmth
and space experienced by the entozoon after its change of habitat, from the abdomen of the fish to
the bowels of the animal that has devoured it. — Synops. Entoz, p. 459 — 596.
49
2. Statu evoluto : Corpus depressum, continuum, longissimum. Caput hothno
utrinque simplicissimo. Ovaria serie simplici aut duplici cum lemniscis in
lined mediand.
203. Ligula Cyprini. Ligula abdominalis, Gmel.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xii. Jig. 1 — 3. Ligula simplicissima
ex Cyprino Brama? (Bream).
Hab. The cavity of the abdomen of species of the genus Cyprinus.
Genus XXIV. Trlenophorus.
Corpus elongatum, depressum, subarticulatum. Os bilabiatum, utrinque aculeis
binis Iricuspidatis armatum.
203 A . Triaenophorus nodulosus, "R^ud.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xii. Jig. 4 — 16.
Hab. This specimen is from the stomach of the Haddock (Gadus yEgle-
finus) ; it is also found in Gadus Lota, Perca fluviatilis, and Esox Lucius.
Donor, Mr. Clift.
Genus XXV. Bothriocephalus.
Corpus elongatum, depressum, articulatum. Caput subtetragonum, bothriis duobus
vel quaiuor oppositis.
204. Bothriocephalus latus, Bremser. Taenia lata, Linn. The Tape-
worm. Germ. Der Bandwurm. Fr. Le Tenia, Le Ver plat.
Fig. Carlisle, Linn. Trans, ii. tab. xxY.fig. 12 — 14. Jordens, Helminthol.
tab. iv. Jig. 1 — 4. Taenia vulgaris, fig. 5 — 10. Tsenia lata.
Hab. The intestines of Man : prevalent in Switzerland and France ; more
frequent in Russia than Tsenia Solium ; very rare in England, Germany,
and Holland.
The present specimen is figured in an original drawing (No. 7L cube ii,).
It was expelled from the intestines of Marian Burgoyne, a native of Lau-
sanne, in Switzerland. An abstract of her case is published in a paper
" On the Structure and QEconomy of Taeniae," by Sir Anthony Carlisle,
Trans, of the Linn. Soc. ii. p. 247.
H
50
205. A portion of Bothriocephalus latus :
From the same person, but voided some time before the last.
206. Bothriocephalus latus :
Also a portion from the same person, probably voided at another period.
206 A. Bothriocephalus punctatus, Rud.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. xliv. fg. 5 — 11.
Hab. In the Turbot (Pleuronectes maximus).
Many specimens from the stomach and intestines.
Bonor, Mr. CHft.
206 B. Bothriocephalus macrocephalus, Rud.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xiii. pi. 12. 13.
Hab. The specimens are from the stomach of the Greenland Dove (Co-
lymbus Arcticus).
Mus. Brookes. See Catal. p. 105, lot 45 (E.
206 c. Bothriocephalus Pythonis. (Sp.dub.)
Hab. From the intestines of a large serpent, ten feet in length, called
at Exeter 'Change Boa Constrictor, but which belonged to the genus
Python of Daudin.
The specimens are from fifteen to thirty inches in length, composed of very
numerous joints, of about a line in length, but varying in this respect
according to the state of contraction in the part. The margins of the
body are serrated, the general breadth being about two lines, but gra-
dually narrowing anteriorly to about half a line, and then again becoming
a little wider towards the head. This part is composed of two suckers
of large size and oval shape, the orifices of which are terminal and trans-
verse. These parts, and the lateral and transverse vessels may be seen
injected with mercury in Preparations No. 479 a. 865 a. Gallery Series.
Donor, Mr. R. Owen.
206 D. A smaller variety of the Bothriocephalus Pythonis.
Immense numbers were found inextricably twined together, and forming a
large ball in the stomach of a Python. A group with the heads perfect is
suspended in the glass; many Ascarides (No. 185a.) were mixed with
these.
Donor, Mr. Cross.
51
Genus XXVI. T^nia.
Corpus elongatum, depressum, articulatum. Oscula capitis quatuor suctoria.
A. Inermes. a. capite simplici.
207. Taenia denticulata, Rud. Taenia /3 Bovis, Gmel.
Fig. Original Drawing, (No. 70. cube ii. drawer 5.) W. Bell. Carlisle,
Linn. Trans, ii. tab. xxv. Jig. 15. 16.
Hab. The intestines of the genus Bos.
In this beautiful specimen from the Ox, the head is perfect. ~
208. Taenia denticulata.
A larger specimen than the preceding, but without the head.
209. Taenia denticulata.
A fine specimen, with the head perfect, but it is discoloured from having
been disposed on black pasteboard.
210. Taenia plicata, Kud. Taenia magna, T. Equi, Gmel.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xv. fig. 1.
Hab. The small intestines of the Horse.
Of this species the bottle contains many broken portions, the heads being
deficient ; also fragments of Taenia Solium, which are readily distinguish-
able from the preceding by the length of the joints.
211. Taenia perfoliata, Goeze. Taenia quadriloba, T. equina, Gmel.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xv. fig. 2. 3. 4.
Hab. The caecum and colon of the Horse.
Five dilFe rent-si zed specimens of this remarkable species are disposed upon
stiff paper.
211 A. Taenia anthocephala, Rud. Taenia Phocae, Gmel.
Fig. Fabricius, in Dansk. Selsk. Skrivt. i. 2. tab. x. fig. 3.
Hab. The rectum of the Great Seal (Calocephalus barbatus).
Donor, John Edwards, Esq. Surg. R.N.
212. Taenia Omphalodes, Hermann.
Fig. Hermann im Naturforscher, tab. ii. fig. 1. a. — d.
Hab. The intestines of the Short-tailed Field-mouse (Arvicola vulgaris).
H 2
52
/3. KostellatcE.
213. Taenia pusilla, Goeze. Taenia cateniformis Glirium, Gmel.
Fig. Goeze, Naturg. der Eing. tab. xxiii. Jig. 5.6.
Hab. The small intestines of the Mouse (Mus Musculus) and Rat (Mus
Rattus).
Some of the specimens only are perfect.
B. Armatce.
214. Taenia Solium, Linn. The single Tape-worm. jPr. Le Solitaire.
Fig. Carlisle, Linn. Trans, ii. tab. xxv.^g. 1 — 8. Werner, Brev. Expos.
tab. i. — iii. Jig. 1 — 46.
Hab. The small intestines of Man. Prevalent in England, Germany, and
the East ; in France promiscuously with Taenia lata ; in Switzerland
less common than the latter.
In two or three of these specimens the head is complete, and in many of
the joints, the vessels are filled with dark coagulated fluid, some par-
tially, others more completely. This circumstance led the celebrated
Goeze to describe the vascular structure as varying in the different joints,
a mistake which was rectified by Sir A. Carlisle, whose successful injec-
tions of these minute parts demonstrate the great regularity of the ar-
rangement of these canals in all the joints. — See Gallery, No. 860 — 865.
215. Taenia Solium.
A portion extended on card ; the lateral orifices very obvious.
216. Two joints of the Taenia Solium.
The lower one is four inches and a half in length, and three-fourths of an
inch across at the broadest part, with a number of orifices in unequal
series on either side. These varieties are occasionally observed in the
segments of Taenia Solium ; sometimes their breadth greatly exceeds their
length, and with proportionate thickness ; at other times they are much
elongated, as in the present instance. (Vide Andry, Vers solitaires.) Ru-
dolphi * possesses four of this species that were simultaneously expelled
from the same individual.
* " Vermem solitarium non esse, ideoque Solii nomen non quadrare, nunc quidem neminem latet ;
ipse quatuor specimina capita instructa ab eodem homine simul dejecta possideo." Hist. Nat. Ent. ii. b.
p. 163.
53
217. Taenia Solium;
which has tied itself at one part into a knot.
218. Taenia marginata? Batsch, Bandwurm, p. 125. n. 4. Taenia ca-
teniformis Lupi, Gmel.
Fig. Goeze, Naturg. der Eing. tab. xxii. a. Jig. 1 — 5.
Hab. Intestines of the Wolf (Canis Lupus).
Broken portions without head or tail.
218 A. Taenia serrata, Goeze, Naturg, p. 337* var. a Canis, Gmel.
Fig. Werner, Brev. Expos, tab, iii. Jig. 70 — 76.
Hab. Small intestines of the Dog ; — a single and entire specimen, which
extended nearly the whole length of the duodenum, jejunum, and ilium.
Donor, Mr. Clift, 1803.
218 b. Taenia serrata.
Smaller specimens of this species from the stomach and intestines of a large
dog.
Donor, Mr. Clift, 1807-
219- Taenia serrata.
Vide Hunter on the Blood, &c. 4to, p. 302. "A hitch voided some single
tape-worms after having tartar emetic injected into the veins."
220. Taenia crassicoUis, Rud. Taenia serrata Felis, Gmel.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xvi. Jig. 1 — 6.
Hab. The small intestines of the Domestic Cat.
A small but perfect specimen.
221. Taenia crassicollis.
The head and anterior part of the body are displayed on dark paper.
222. Taenia crassicollis.
A portion of small intestine of a domestic cat, containing a number of this
species. They are sometimes discharged by the mouth.
54
OrdoV. cystica.
Genus XXVII. Anthocephalus.
( Vesica externa dura elastica, continens alteram tenuiorem, in qud entozoon soli-
tarimn, cujus)
Corpus elongatum depressum, hasi in vesicam abit caudalem ampliatani. Caput
(Tetrarhynchi) bothriis (2 4) et proboscidibus uncinatis (4) instructum.
222 a. Anthocephalus macrourus, ilwc?. Anth. a queue longue.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xvii. Jig. 1. 2.
Hab. In the genus Spams.
Two specimens : in one the head and neck are protruded from the cyst,
in the other they are withdrawn into it and are exposed in situ.
Donor, Mr. Clift.
Genus XXVIII. Cysticercus.
( Vesica externa simplex, continens entozoon solitarium, cujus )
Corpus teretiusculum vel depressum abiens in vesicam caudalem. Caput ( Tanige
armata) osculis suctoriis quatuor, rostelloque uncinato instructum.
222 B. Cysticercus fasciolaris, ^ud. Taenia hydatigena, Gmel.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xvii. ^g. 3 — 9.
Hab. The liver of the Glires and Vespertiliones.
The liver of a mouse (Mus Musculus), entirely occupied by cysts containing
this species of hydatid.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. 1818.
222 c. Cysticercus fasciolaris.
The liver of a rat (Mus Rattus), with two cysts ; each containing a hydatid
of this species.
Donor, Mr. R. Owen, 1830.
223. Cysticercus tenuicollis, Rud. Hydra hydatula, Li?in. Taenia
globosa, Gmel. Taenia hydatigena, Pallas. Oval hydatid
with a neck.
Fig. Pallas, Miscell. Zool. p. 157. tab. xii. ^g. 1 — 11.
Hab. Pleura and peritoneum of the Ruminants and the Sow.
224. Cysticercus tenuicollis.
55
Hab. " Hydatid from the belly of a sheep." A bristle is passed into the
cavity of the cyst.
Vide Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xvii. fig. 10. 11.
225. A semitransparent cyst containing Cysticercus tenuicollis.
226. Cysticercus Cellulosae, Kud. Taenia Cellulosae, Gmel. Hydatis
Finna, Blmnenhach. Hydatid of measly pork.
Fig. Jordens, Helminth, ii. tab. v. fig. 12 — 16. Taenia muscularis.
Hab. In the intermuscular cellular substance and occasionally the brain
of Man ; but more common in the Hog, occasioning that, state of the
muscles called " measly pork."
Portion of the heart of a domestic Hog, beset with cysts externally and in
its substance ; some containing a hydatid of this species ; others empty,
the animal having fallen to the bottom of the glass.
227. Cysticercus Cellulosae.
A portion of the heart of a Hog, similarly diseased and beset with these hy-
datids, but not in so great a degree. See Pathological Series, No. 556.
Rudolphi relates that Cysticercus Cellulosae is occasionally found in the
muscular parts of human leucophlegmatic subjects ; and that he once
detected it in the substance of the heart and in various parts of the brain
of a female subject. — Synops. Entoz. p. 546.
Genus XXIX. Ccenurus.
Vesica simplex, in quam desinunt plurima Entozoa, quorum
Corpus elongatum, depressiusculum, rugosum ; Caput ( Tarda armata ) rostello
unchiato quatuorque osculis suctoriis instrucium.
228. Coenurus cerebralis, Rud. Taenia cerebralis, Gmel. Brain-
hydatid of giddy sheep.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xviii. fig. 1.2.
Hab. The brain of the Sheep.
For appearances in the brain, see Pathological Series, No. 552. 553.
229. Coenurus cerebralis, artificially attached to. its cyst.
The vermiculi were considered by Mr. Hunter as the ova or young of the
hydatid : but they appear to be perfect animals, living in society attached
to a common cyst ; and have each a head provided with hooks and suc-
torious orifices, as in the armed Taeniae.
06
Genus XXX. Echinococcus.
l^esica externa simplex vel duplex, cujus super ficiei inierna insident entozoa plu-
rima, arenulam mentientia, quorum
Corpus obovatum; Caput (TcmicE, armata) uncinorum corona et osculis suctoriis
instructum.
230. Echinococcus Hominis, Rud. Polycephalus Hominis, Goeze.
Fig. Rudolphi, Entoz. Hist. Nat. tab. xi. fig, 4.
Hab. The liver and other viscera of Man. " Hydatids, on the inside of
which are small ones ; human ; two preparations." Old Catal. See
Pathological Series, No. 565. 566.
The coats of the cyst are yellowish and semitransparent, and the vermiculi
resemble small grains of sand.
231. Echinococcus Veterinorum, Rud.'! Taenia granulosa, Gme/.
Fig. Bremser, Icon. Helminth, tab. xviii. Jig. 3 — 13.
Hab. In the viscera of the sheep. See Pathological Series, No. 592 : a
cyst containing the same species, from the kidney of a sheep.
^ ride Phil. Trans. 1706. p. 2304, tab. i.Jig.l. 2. 3. "Of Hydatides inclosed
with a stony crust in the kidney of a sheep." By W. Cowper, F.R.S.
232. Cyst containing " a hydatid from a sheep."' {Sp. dub.)
233. The cyst of an Echinococcus.
Ilab. " Animal hydatid in the human lungs." — Old Catal.
234. Globular cysts of various sizes ; part of a prodigious number
vrhich were found in a sac in the liver, and dispersed through
the cavity of the abdomen of a human dropsical subject.
These cysts, being unprovided with heads and hooks, exhibiting no inde-
pendent motions, nor containing any organized vermicular bodies, are
excluded by Rudolphi * from his system, and, as individuals, from the
animal kingdom.
They are called Acephalocysts by Dr. Laennec, and spurious hydatids by
some pathological authors.
* " Mihi quidem ea tandem hydatis animal vivum vocatur, quae vitam propriam degit, uti Cysticerci,
Coenuri, etc. Quae autem organismi alieni (v. c. humani) particulum efficit, animal me judice dici ne-
quit. Mortua non est, quamdiu organismi partem sistit, uti etiam ulcus, pustula, efflorescentia ; sed
hsec ideo non sunt animalia." — Synops. Entoz. p. 551.
57
Table of the Animals and the Situation in which the preceding Entozoa
were found.
Homo.
Entozoa. Situs.
Filaria medinensis. Subcutaneous cellular texture.
Trichocephalus dispar. Caecum.
Spiroptera Hominis. Urinary bladder.
Ascaris lumbricoides. Small intestines.
Ascaris vermicularis. Rectum.
Strongylus Gigas. Substance of the kidney.
Bothriocephalus latus. Intestines.
Tama Solium. Small intestines.
Echinococcus Hominis. Liver encysted.
Acephalocysts. Liver, and cavity of abdomen.
PiTHECUS SaTYRUS.
Filaria gracilis. Cellular texture.
Cebus Capucinus.
Filaria gracilis. Cavity of the chest.
Canis familiaris.
Tricocephalus depressiusculus. Caecum.
Ascaris marginata. Small intestines.
Tania serrata. Small intestines.
Canis Lupus.
Tcsnia marginata. Intestines.
Felis Catus, domesticus.
Tania crassicollis. Small intestines.
Procyon Lotor.
Strongylus Gigas. Kidney.
58
Meles Taxus.
Entozoa. Situs.
Strongylus criniformis. Intestines.
Macropus major.
Filari(E. Capsular ligament of the knee-joint.
Castor Fiber.
Amphistoma subtriquetrum. Intestines.
Arvicola vulgaris.
Tania omphalodes. Intestines.
Mus Rattus.
Tania pusilla. Small intestines.
Cysticercus fasciolaris. Liver.
Mus MUSCULUS.
Cysticercus fasciolaris. Liver.
Sus ^crofa, domesticus.
Cysticercus Celluloses. Heart.
Cervus tarandus.
Amphistoma conicum. First cavity of the stomach.
Ovis Aries.
Strongylus filaria. The bronchial tubes.
Distoma liepaticum. Gall-bladder and ducts.
Cysticercus tenuicollis. Peritoneum.
Comurus cerehralis. Brain.
Echinococcus Veterinorum. Kidney.
Bos Taurus, domesticus.
Tania denticulata. Intestines.
Entozoa.
Filaria papillosa.
Strongylus armatus.
TcETua plicata.
Tania perfoliata.
Strongylus armatus.
59
Eauus Caballus.
Situs.
Trachea. Eye.
Mesenteric arteries.
Small intestines.
Caecum and colon.
Eauus AsiNus.
Mesenteric arteries.
Eauus Zebra.
Intestines.
Ascaris megalocephala.
Calocephalus barbatus.
Liorhynchus gracilescens. Stomach.
Tania anthocephala. Rectum.
Bal^na Mysticetus.
Echinorhynchus porrigens. Small intestines.
Bal^noptera acutirostrata *.
Echinorhynchus balanocephalus. Intestines.
Phoc^na communis.
Strongylus inflexus.
Strongylus minor.
Strongylus
Pulmonary arteries.
Tympanum^ Eustachian tube, &c.
Distoma lineare.
Distoma lineare.
Vultur.
Phasianus Gallus.
Trachea.
Perdix cinerea.
Trachea.
COLYMBUS ARCTICUS.
Bothriocephalus macrocephalus. Stomach.
* Baleena rostrata, Hunter.
I 2
60
Phalacrocorax carbo.
Entozoa. Situs.
Ascaris spiculigera. (Esophagus and proventriculus.
Anas mollissima.
Echinorhynchus filicollis. Intestines.
Testudo terrestris.
Ascaris. ' Rectum.
PvTHON Tigris.
Ascaris. Stomach.
Bothriocephali. Stomach and intestines.
Coluber.
Ascaris. Stomach.
Hydrophis,
Distoma. Ovarium.
Anarhichas Lupus.
Distoma variegatmn. Gall-bladder.
GaDUS iEcLEFINUS.
Trianophorus nodulosus. Abdomen.
Pleuronectes maximus.
Bothriocephalus punctatus. Stomach and intestines.
Sparus.
Anthocephalus macrourus. Abdomen.
Cyprinus.
Ligula. Abdomen.
Apis terrestris.
Filaria. Abdomen.
61
Type ANNULOSA^
Class ANNELIDA.
Ordo I. CRYPTOBRANCHIA.
{Filiformia.)
235. Gordius aquaticus, Linn. Dragoneau des Sources, Fr.
Fig. Shaw, Nat. Miscell. iv. pi. 121. Encycl. Meth. pi. 29. ^g. 'l.
Hah. The sand of fresh waters, rivers, springs, &c., which it perforates
in every direction.
The extremity by which it is suspended is slightly bifid.
236. Gordius aquaticus.
The light-coloured one with the bifid extremity is " from Thames water."
236 a. Hirudo medicinalis, Sanguisuga medicinalis, The
Medicinal Leech.
Fig. Leach, Encycl. Brit. Suppl. i. pi. 26. fig. 2.
Hab. Europe. In the waters of marshes and slow running streams.
See Gallery, No. 327. 330. 918. 1294, &c. — dissections of this species.
236 b. Hirudo.
Small specimens, gradually tapering to the head, of a light-brown colour,
and not exceeding an inch and a half in length.
Presented by Dr. John Davy as the " Ceylon Leech, which is so trouble-
some in that island, to which it is almost peculiar."
237- HcEmocharis Piscium, Sav. Hirudo geometra, Linn. Smooth
Sea Leech.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. tab. xxi. fig. 3.
Hab. Northern Ocean, attached to fish.
237 A. Albione muricata, Sm. Hirudo muricata, Linn. Pontobdella
muricata, Leach, Zool. Miscell. ii. p. 9. The Skate Sucker.
Fig. Baster, Opusc. Subs. ii. tab. x. fig. 2.
* Nervous system ganglionic, with the ganglions arranged in a series and brought into communica-
tion by a double nervous chord.
62
Hah. European Ocean ; adhering to fish.
Mus. Brookes. Catal. No. 1 y.
{Lumbricida.)
237b. Liimbricus terrestris, Linn. Enterion terrestris, Sav. Earth-
worm.
See Gallery, No. 920. 1295. 2125. — dissections of this species.
Ordo II. GYMNOBRANCHIA.
{SerpulidcB.)
238. Serpula vermicularis, Sav. Si/st. des Annelides, p.73. Ver-
micular Serpula.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. Ixxxvi. ^g. 7- 9.
Hab. European Seas.
Many small specimens irregularly contorted on a fucus stalk.
238 a. Serpula spirorbis, Midler. Sav. Spirorbis iiautiloides, Lam.
Spirorbe Serpula.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. Ixxxvi. ^g. 1 — 6.
Uab. Northern Seas ; in this instance attached to various parts of the
body of Arcturus tuberculatus, Latr. See No. 331a.
Donor, Alexander Fisher, Es(|. Surg. R.N.
239- Serpula costalis, Lam.
Hab.
240. Serpula gigantea, Pallas, Miscell. Zool. p. 139- Sav. Terebella
bicornis ? Gmel. Animal Flower, of Home.
Hab. Coast of Barbadoes.
This specimen is removed from its tube, the alimentary canal is exposed, and
a bristle passed into the anus.
241. Serpula gigantea.
The opercular process (tuba, Pallas) is entire, and the small tentacles like
the horns of a stag, which it supports, are well displayed.
Mg. Seba, iii. tab. xvi. ^g. 7* Penicillum marinum; and i. tab. xxix.
63
Jig. 1. 2. Urtica marina singularis? Pallas, Miscell. Zool./?. 139. tab. x.
Jig. 2 — 10. Abildgaard, in Schriften der Gresell. Naturf. Freunde.
Berlin, ix. tab. iii.^^. 4 }^ Described by Home as a species of Actinia
or Animal Flower, and figured in the Transactions of the Royal So-
ciety, Ixxv. tab. xi. p. 344 ; and in the Lectures on Comp. Anat. ii.
tab. i. This figure is copied by Dr. Shaw into the Naturalist's Mis-
cellany, viii. pi. 290, and there called Terebella Madreporarum.
{yimphitritid(B. )
242. Sabella alveolata, Linn. Hermelia alveolata, Sav. Amphitrite
alveolata, Cuvier.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. tab. xcv. Ellis's Corallines, pi. 36. Tubu-
laria arenosa Anglica.
Hab. European Seas.
242 a. Terebella conchilega, G/we/.
Fig. Pallas, Miscell. Zool. tab. ix. fig. 14—22.
Hab. Northern Seas.
The Glass contains the tube only. Vide Gallery, No. 2808. 2809.
Donor, Alexander Fisher, Esq. Surg. R.N.
242 B. Tubes, formed as in the preceding specimen, of fragments of
shell and sand agglutinated together.
Hab. Northern Seas.
Donor, Captain Buchan, R.N.
242 c. Amphitrite auricoma, Mw//er. Amphictene auricoma, <Sai?.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. xxvi. Pallas, Miscell. Zool. tab. \yi.fig. 3 — 5.
Nereis cylindrica Belgica.
Hab. Sandy shores of Britain : the specimen is from the coast at Little
Hampton, in Sussex. This species is remarkable for the delicate tex-
ture of its tube, and the brilliant golden hue of the ciliae, arranged like
the teeth of a comb above the mouth. It is made a distinct genus by
» The Terebella bicornis of Abildgaard is considered by Savigny, on account of its slender oper-
cular pillar and circular disk, as a species distinct from the one under consideration ; but these dif-
ferences, on a comparison of the specimens with the figures quoted, can scarcely be appreciated.
64
Leach, under the name Cistena ; by Lamarck, under the name Pecti-
naria ; and by Savigny, under that of Amphictene.
Donor, John Abernethy, Esq. F.R.S.
243. Amphitrite Penicillus, Lam. Sabella pavonia, Sav.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. Ixxxix. Jig. \. 2. Tubularia penicillus.
Hab. Northern Seas.
The spirit has blanched the body and branchial cirri, which have naturally a
reddish tinge.
244. Amphitrite ventilabrum, Gmel. Sabella ventilabrum, Sav.
Fig. Ellis's Corallines,^/. 34. Corallina tubularia Melitensis. Encyclop.
Meth. pi. 59. Amphitrite Pinceau.
Hab. Mediterranean Sea.
A small specimen, removed from its tube.
245. Amphitrite ventilabrum, Gmel.
A fine specimen, in its tube. Of this genus are No. 607 and 1006, Gallery.
The former without doubt Amphitrite ventilabrum.
( Telethusida.)
245 a. Arenicola Piscatorum, Cmt;. Sav. Lumbricus marinus, Lmw.
The Sand-worm.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. civ. Jig. 1. bis. Lumbricus marinus.
Hab. Very common on sandy coasts, burying itself deep, but its retreat
is generally distinguishable by a little coil of sand. The present spe-
cimen was taken on the shore at Dover, and presented by John Aber-
nethy, Esq. F.R.S.
246. Arenicola Piscatorum.
Fig. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Suppl. art. Annulosa. tab. xxvi. Areni-
cola carbonaria.
Hab. Europe ; in the sand, and under stones along the sea-shore :
sought after by fishermen for baits.
247. Amphinome capillata, Bruguiere, Enajcl. MSth. Chloeia capil-
lata, Sav. Terebella flava, Gmel.
Fig. Pallas, Miscell. Zool. tab. viii. ^g. 7—11.
65
Hah. Indian Ocean.
The natural brilliant yellow hue of the lateral hairs is lost by long macera-
tion.
248. Amphinome carunculata, 'Brug. Pleione carunculata, Sm. Ne-
reis gigantea, Liiin.
Fig. Seba, ii. tad. Ixxxi. ^g. 7- Millepeda marina Amhoinensis? Pallas,
Miscell. Zool. tah. viii. Jig. 12. 13. Aphrodita carunculata.
Hah. Coasts of South America.
A remarkably fine specimen, exceeding a foot in length.
248 A. Amphinome carunculata.
A smaller specimen ; the shining hairs of the ventral pediform papillae are
retracted. See Gallery, No. 606. Digestive canal exposed.
Mus. Brookes. Catal. p. 100. lot 57 y.
249 J. B. Amphinome tetraedra, Brug. Pleione tetraedra, Sav. Four-
sided Amphinome.
Fig. Pallas, Miscell. Zool. tah. viii. ^g. 14 — 18. Aphrodita rostrata.
Hah. Indian Ocean.
250. Amphinome tetraedra, with the proboscis exserted.
251 J. B. Amphinome complanata, Brug. Pleione complanata, Sav.
Terebella complanata, Gmel.
Fig. Pallas, Miscell. Zool. tah. viii. ^g. 19 — 26. Aphrodita complanata.
Hah. American Ocean.
252. Amphinome .
A small specimen, much contracted by the spirit.
(Funicida.)
253. Leodice gigantea, Sav. Eunice gigantea, Cuv.
Fig. Pallas, Nova Acta Petrop. ii. p. 229. tah. v. ^g. 1 — 7- (but figures
2. 3. 4. and 5. exhibit six antennae.)
Hah. Tropical Seas.
253 A. Leodice gigantea.
This extraordinary specimen, the largest on record, is ten feet in length,
notwithstanding some segments are wanting from either extremity.
K
66
Hah. Bermuda. " It was taken in the sea under a stone, in repairing a
wharf ; and I am sorry to say that the head and tail, together with a
part of the body, were destroyed in taking it ; I am told what was
saved of it measured twelve feet nine inches. It was immediately put
into spirits, and when brought to me several hours afterwards, it mea-
sured nearly ten feet. The insect is very rare in these Islands (Ber-
muda), and was never known to exceed twenty inches, or two feet." —
Letter from James Christie Esten, Esq. to Sir Everard Home, Bart.,
with the specimen, dated Bermuda, 9th June, 1812.
254. Lycoris ^ foliosa, R. 0.
Lycoris grisea, margaritacea, ligulis branchialibus longis, cirris
superioribus latis, compressis, et subvesi'culosis.
This remarkable specimen measures ten inches in length ; the breadth of
the body (exclusive of the feet) is from four to six lines, and gradually
diminishes towards the posterior extremity, from which some segments
have been lost.
The body is slightly depressed, convex above, and marked with a deep Ion
gitudinal furrow beneath ; it consists of 140 segments, and is of a blueish
gray colour. The proboscis consists of two segments, the anterior being
the smallest, and is armed with two strong, curved, pointed, and 4-den-
tated jaws, acting horizontally, like the maxillae of insects. The head is
trilobate ; the exterior lobes obtuse, with a small depression in front of
each, into which the lateral antennae appear to be retracted ; the middle
lobe bears on its front the two small mesial antennae, and at its posterior
part may be observed four minute black specks (eyes). The large anterior
segment formed by the union of the first two, bears eight tentacula (cirres
tentaculaires, Sav.) of which the superior or dorsal pair is the longest,
and the rest diminish in length progressively as they are placed lower
down.
The first and second pairs of feet are represented by the tentacula, the re-
mainder are fitted for progression and consist of two parts. The ventral
or inferior division (rame, Sav.) is provided with a small filiform cirrus.
' For the characters of this genus see "Systeme des Annelides," par Jules-Cesar Savigny, p. 29.
67
with an elongated obtuse and hollow process [languette ; ligula branchi-
alis, Sav.) ; and above these with a sheath from which projects a packet
of shining hairs. The superior or dorsal division, closely connected at
its root with the inferior, is provided with a small elongated and flattened
process, above which is another much larger, and flat like a scale ; but
which consists of two laminae, and is in fact a flattened vesicle. A bristle
is introduced into the cavity of some of these hollow laminae. At their
superior margins, these laminae have a slight notch, from which arises a
small cirrus ; a packet of shining hairs also projects from the notch that
separates the two parts of the superior division.
Dr. Shaw has figured this individual in the Naturalist's Miscellany, ix.;t?/. 3 11 ;
but, deceived by the magnifying power of the glass containing it, he has
given it almost twice its natural breadth, and the head and lateral organs
are very imperfectly delineated. (The structure of the proboscis, which
was retracted when this figure was taken, has been since ascertained by
dissection.) He identifies it with the Nereis lamellifera of Pallas (Nereis
lamelligera, Gmel.^) described in the Nova Acta Petropol. ii. p. 232. tab. v.
But the description of Pallas is taken from two specimens, one from the
Indian, the other from the Atlantic Ocean, which appear to be distinct
species ; for the first {fig. 12. 13.) has only three tentacular cirri on each
side, while the latter {fig. 14. 15. 16. 17.) agrees with the present spe-
cimen both in the size and number of the tentacula : in the structure of
the head and proboscis, however, and in the form and proportional size
of the laminar processes, they evidently differ from the species under
consideration, nor would they be admitted by Savigny into the same
genus.
See Gallery, No. 59. 472. A species nearly allied to this, if not the same.
254 A. Lycoris .
Hab.
Length of body nine inches and a half: number of segments 128, the last
Another species is figured as Nereis lamelligera Gmel. in Sowerby's Brit. Miscell. i. pi. 61 ; but
there the larger scale is evidently the superior one, which is the reverse of the specific character quoted :
it differs from Lycoris foliosa in wanting a cirrus at the superior margin of the larger scale, and by
the latter being supported on a much more slender peduncle. As no mention is made of the animal
possessing jaws, nor any appearance of them in the figure, it may not even belong to the same genus,
K 2
68
twenty-five becoming suddenly smaller ^ : colour purple, with iridescent
tints. The superior cirri are compressed, and of a triangular form, re-
sembling those of the preceding specimen but of smaller size. Maxillse
armed with four teeth.
This differs from Lycoris podophylla (Syst. des Annel. p. 30. no. 2.), in
having well-marked dentated jaws, as well as in colour and in the number
of segments.
Mus. Brookes. Catal. p. 100. No. 56 y.
254 B. Lycoris margaritacea, Sav. Nereis margaritacea, Leach.
Fig. Encycl. Brit. Suppl. y4rt. Annulosa, tab. xxvi.
Had. Northern Seas.
Donor, Captain Buchan, R.N.
254 c. Myriana longissima, Sav. Syst. des Annel. p. 41.
Uab. Mediterranean Sea.
Donor, B. C. Henderson^ Esq. 1811.
254 D. Nephthys , Sav.
Uab. This specimen is from the coast of Sussex. It is about eight inches
in length, with a proboscis of a deep purple hue ; the first segment
large, claviform, and terminating anteriorly in small pointed processes ;
the second very short, with a longitudinal orifice and double row of
tentacula. Nephth. Hombergii ? Sav. Syst. des Annel. p. 34.
Donor, Sir E. Home, Bart.
254 E. Glycera unicornis, Sav. Syst. des Annel. p. 37-
Head in the form of a pointed cone ; body linear, cylindrical, enlarged to-
wards the anterior part ; segments numerous, of a yellow-bronze colour.
Fig. Miill. Zool. Dan. tab. Ixii. ^g. 6. 7 ? Nereis alba.
Bab. Northern Ocean. By H.M.S. Trent. Northern Expedition, 1818.
"Caught between the ship's side and the edge of a large floe of ice to
which we were moored on the evening of the sixteenth of June, 1818,
about twelve miles north-west of Rein-Deer Island, in thirty-six fathoms
water; Lat. 79° 56' N. Long. 10° 30' E. The thermometer in the air
* If this circumstance were natural and constant, it would form good ground for a specific distinc-
tion ; but it is more probably accidental, formed by regenerated segments after a partial loss of the
caudal extremity of the body.
69
34°, in the water 30° Fahr. When first observed, it was about a foot
below the surface of the water, and descending fast towards the ship's
bottom. Its motion was quick and lively, and in a spiral or serpent-
ine manner ; it was brought up from the depth of four or five feet
with a boat-hook. On being placed on a shovel, it cast up a con-
siderable quantity of white slime which rendered the water turbid, and
evinced evident signs of animation till immersed in the spirit." — Note
accompanying the specimen.
Donor, Lieutenant Franklin, R.N.
354 F. Smaller specimens of Glycera unicornis.
Caught in the same situation as the preceding, on the twentieth of June,
1818. "The thermometer in the air 34°, water 31°. Several others were
observed some feet down in the water at the same time." — Note accom-
panying the specimens.
Donor, Lieutenant Franklin, R.N.
{Aphroditida.)
255. Halithaea aculeata, Sav. Syst. des Annel. p. 19- Aphrodita acu-
leata, Linn. The Sea-mouse of fishermen.
Hab. European Seas. The largest and most brilliant of the family; the
dorsal scales are covered by a felted downy membrane.
See Gallery, No. 59. 270. 321. 867. 872. 1009. 1303. 2127- &c.— dissections
of this species.
256. Polynoe squammata, Sav.
Fig. Pallas, Miscell. Zool. tah.y'xx. fig. 14. Aphrodita squammata.
Hab. The bottle contains two small specimens of this species ; in the
upper one the proboscis is exserted.
See Gallery, No. 471. A finer specimen dissected.
257. Polynoe impatiens, Polynoe vesiculeuse.
Fig. Ouvrage de I'Egypte, Annelides, pi. 3. fig. 2.
Hah. Gulf of Suez.
This specimen is about three inches long, with twelve pairs of semitrans-
parent vesicular scales on the back.
7©
Class CIRRIPEDA^
OrdoI. CAMPYLOSOMATA.
258. Otion Cuvieri, Leach. Lepas aurita, Linn.
Fig. Suppl. Encycl, Brit. tab. Ivii. Mem. du Mus. ii. pi. v. fig. 12.
Hab. Northern Ocean.
259. Otion Cuvieri.
A small specimen laid open to show the tentacula and internal structure of
the tube.
260. Otion Cuvieri.
Laid open to show the respiratory organs and muscles which move the ten-
tacula.
261. Otion Cuvieri,
with a young Cineras vittata attached to the base of the peduncle.
See Seba, iii. tab. xvi. Jig. 5, where the two genera are figured similarly
attached.
262. Cineras vittata, Leach. Lepas vittata. Linn.
Fig. Suppl. Encycl. Brit. Art. Cirripedes, tab. Ivii.
Hab. Atlantic Ocean. Mediterranean. Coast of Wales, Montagu.
263. Cineras vittata.
A group of three ; one of which is laid open laterally.
264. Young specimens of Cineras vittata.
* This class was established by Lamarck, and comprehends the animals familiarly known as Bar-
nacles and Acorn-shells. They are included amongst the Vermes Testacea of the Systema Naturae
under the generic term Lepas, and are the Mollusca Cirrhopoda of Cuvier (Regne Anim. ii.).
Lamarck and Latreille have pointed out their affinity to the Annulose animals ; the latter author and
another distinguished entomologist (Mr. W. S. MacLeay) have considered them related to the Ento-
mostracous Crustacea. This opinion has been recently supported by some remarkable facts connected
with the history of their development, discovered by John V. Thompson, Esq. F.L.S. Surgeon to the
Forces, and described in his Zoological Researches, No. IIL Memoir IV.
The anatomy of the Cirripedes has been successfully investigated by Hunter (See in the Gallery of
the Collection, No. 63. 64. 65. 582. 1011. 1012. 1013. 1014. 2298. 2299. 2300. 2301. 2302. 2303.
2810.), — by Poli (Testacea utriusque Siciliae), — and by Cuvier (Hist, des Mollusques).
71
265. Cineras Hunteri.
In this specimen, two small groups are attached to the tail of Hydrophis
bicolor, which is figured in Russell's Indian Serpents, i. tab. xli. and is
called by the natives "Nalla Wahlagillee Pam." Russell says, "This
sea-snake, according to the Vizagapatam fishermen, seldom approaches
the shore : several of them had never seen one before. They pretended
it was of a very dangerous kind, which is contradicted by the want of
poisonous organs."
Dr. Shaw alludes to this specimen in his Zoological Lectures, ii. p. 187,
where, treating of the genus Lepas, he observes, " These animals some-
times attach themselves to animated as well as to inanimate bodies, and
are frequently seen on turtles and other marine animals. In the Museum
of the late Mr. Hunter is an instance of a species of sea-snake, (the An-
guis platura of Linnaeus, and Hydrus bicolor of more modern naturalists,)
which has a group of small Lepades affixed to one side of its tail."
And Dr. Leach, in the article Cirripedes, Suppl. to Encycl. Brit., says,
" We have seen two other species of Cineras, one adhering to a Hydrus
in the Collection of John Hunter, the other in the Collection of Animals
formed in the Expedition to Congo by Mr. J. Cranch."
266. Cineras Hunteri.
A small group attached by very short peduncles to the cuticle of a snake ;
probably from the Hydrophis of the preceding specimen.
267. Pentalasmis anatifera. Pentalasmis crocea, Leach. Lepas ana-
tifera, Linn. The Barnacle.
Fig. Seba, Mus. iii. tab. Jig. 1. Wood's Conchology, 2.
Hab. The seas of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America.
267 A. Pentalasmis anatifera.
This specimen " is remarkably perfect, the whole cavity being distended
with its own ropy mucus. In all the other specimens in the Museum,
this mucus has escaped in consequence of the separation of the mem-
brane which surrounds the tentacula, and the animal loses much of its
form in consequence of it." — Note by Mr. Clift in the Book of Do-
nations.
Donor ^ Sir Everard Home, Bart.
72
268. Pentalasmis anatifera.
Laid open on the ventral aspect, exposing the tentacula, branchiae, and ova.
269. Pentalasmis anatifera.
One of the lateral valves turned back, and the tubular stem laid open, to
show the structure and relative position of the soft parts.
269 a. Pentalasmis anatifera.
A large and elegant group, adhering to a portion of wood. The peduncles
of some of these individuals are fourteen inches in length.
Donor, Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. P.R.S.
269 b. Pentalasmis anatifera.
A fine cluster, springing from a large individual.
Donor, Mrs. Robinson.
269 c. Pentalasmis anatifera.
A similar group, similarly attached. See Home, Comp. Anat. iv. pi. 151.
Donor, Mrs. Robinson.
270. Pentalasmis anatifera?
The specimens appear to be very young, and are attached to the fucus called
Common Sea-Bottle.
270 a. Pentalasmis .
A cluster of specimens, adhering round the stem of a fucus, taken off Cape
Horn, and presented by Mr. S. Stutchbury.
270 b. Pentalasmis .
A series of specimens, from the period of their first attachment to foreign
bodies to that of the formation of a distinct peduncle and valves ; selected
from the preceding cluster.
Donor, Mr. S. Stutchbury.
271. Pentalasmis striata, Leac/i. Anatifa striata, Brw^. Striated Bar-
nacle.
Fig. Encycl. M^th. pi. 166. fig. 2.
Hah. sp. Atlantic Ocean, Coasts of America.
A group attached to a portion of fucus.
73
272. Pentalasmis striata.
A group in different stages of growth, attached to a fucus.
273. Pentalasmis striata.
Many specimens on the stem of a fucus. Some of these are almost buried
in the fructification, to which specimens of Pentalasmis vitrea are also
attached.
274. Pentalasmis vitrea, Leach. Anatifa vitrea, Lam. Lepas fascicu-
laris, Ellis. Bladder Barnacle of some authors.
Fig. Ellis's Zoophytes, jo/. 15.^^'. 6. Wood's Conchology, 10. 4.
Hab. Pacific and Australian Oceans.
A fine group of this species attached to a central round smooth-skinned ball.
275. Pentalasmis vitrea.
A group similar to the preceding. A section has been made on one side of
the central ball, showing its structure to be cellular ; it is probably of
vegetable origin, and is frequently met with in the Australian Seas, having
this species of Pentalasmis attached to it.
276. Pentalasmis vitrea.
The lateral valves of one side are removed, so as to exhibit the form and
relative position of the tentacula, branchiae, stomach, &c.
276 a. Pollicipes Cornucopia, Leach. Lam. Lepas Pollicipes, Gmel.
Var. valvis scabris.
Hab. Low islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
277. Pollicipes villosus, Leach, Suppl. to Encycl. Brit. art. Cirripedes,
p. 170. tab. Ivii.
In the specimen the brown coriaceous covering of the peduncle is continued
on one side over the valves, but is removed from the opposite aspect to
show their form. The dorsal valve in this very rare species recedes at its
extremity from the lateral valves ; the superior of these last are curved
backwards so as to meet and join the extremity of the dorsal valve, like
the mandibles of a bird.
74
The stem is beset with small white spines, like bristles, more or less appa-
rent through the external membrane.
278. Pollicipes villosus.
A group of three on a portion of a Bivalve shell.
OrdoII. ACAMPTOSOMATA.
279. Tubicinella Balaenarum, Lam. Tubicinella Lamarckii, Leach.
Lepas trachealis, Linn.
Fig. Ann. du Museum, i. pi. 30. Jig. 1. Wood's Conch, pi. 4,
Hab. Fixed to the skin of Whales, sometimes penetrating deeply.
The four which form the present specimen are imbedded to the extent of
two inches or more : the tube of one is longitudinally bisected, to display
the tentacula and internal peduncle.
280. Coronula Diadema, Lam. Lepas Diadema, Gmel.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. lQ5.Jig. 13.14. Blainville, Malacol. pi. 86. Jig. 4.
Hab. The skin of Whales.
Numerous specimens imbedded in the skin of a Whale.
281. Coronula Diadema.
A very large specimen, to which a group of Otion Cuvieri is attached.
282. Coronula Diadema.
A similar specimen, showing the Otion in different stages of growth ; part
of the skin of a Whale adheres to the Coronula.
282 a. Coronula Diadema ?
A remarkably fine specimen, attached to the skin of a Whale.
Donor, Mr. Bullock.
282 b. Balanus glacialis. (Acorn-shell.)
This species is singularly attached to the spine of a Dog-fish (Squalus
Acanthias).
i>owor, Mr. Clift, 1809.
282 c. Balanus glacialis.
Numerous small ones infesting different parts of Arcturus tuberculatus.
Donor, Alexander Fisher, Esq. Surg. R.N.
75
282 D. Balanus Tintinnabulum, Lam. Lepas Tintinnabulum, Linn.
The Bell Barnacle.
Hab. The Seas of Europe, America, and India. Found in a fossil state
in Italy.
One of the valves has been removed to show the animal and its operculum ;
the cirri appear to have been nibbled down by some Crustacea. Balanus
Amphitrite adheres to the base of the specimen.
Donor, Mr. S. Stutchbury.
282 E. Acasta , Leach.
Small specimens of this genus imbedded in Spongia strobilina ? Lamarck.
Hab. Shores of Abyssinia,
Donor, Henry Salt, Esq.
Class CRUSTACEA.
Subclass ENTOMOSTRACA.
Ordo PHYLLOPODA.
{Ceratophthalmata.y
283. Artemia salina, Leach, Suppl. to Encycl. Brit. Cancer salinus,
Linn. Lymington Shrimp or Brine Worm.
Fig. Rackett, in Linn. Trans, xi. tab. xiv. fig. 8 — 10.
Hab. The salterns or brine tanks ; and in a concentrated solution that
destroys most other marine animals.
283 A. Small Phyllopodous Crustacea.
"From a bag under the tongue of the Little Auk (Alca AUe)."
Donor, Alexander Fisher, Esq. Surg. R.N.
283b. Branchipas stagnalis, Leach, Suppl. to Encycl. Brit. Cancer
stagnalis, Linn.
Fig. Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crustaces et des Insectes, iv. pi. 36. 37-
Hab. "Is generally found in such waters as are of a soft nature, and par-
ticularly in those shallows of rain-water which are so frequently seen
in the spring or autumn, and in which the Monoculus Pulex of Linnaeus,
and other small animals abound." Shaw, Linn. Trans, i. p. 103.
Z)owor, William CHft, Esq. 1819.
76
Ordo XYPHOSURA.
283 c. Limulus Polyphemus, Fabr. Monoculus Polyphemus, Linn.
Fig. Leach, Zool. Miscell. pi. 84. Limulus Sowerbii.
Hah. Coasts of America, from New York to the Gulf of Mexico.
Mus. Leverian.
Ordo SIPHONOSTOMA.
{CaligidcE.)
284. Lernaea pectoralis, Gmel.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. xxxiii. Jig. 7.
Hab. The pectoral fins of the Haddock, Turbot, &c.
{Epizoadce.)
285. Dichelesthium Sturionis, Hermann.
Fig. Hermann, Mem. Apterol. tab. v. ^g. 7- 8.
Hab. The branchiae of the Sturgeon.
285 a. Lernaeopenna Exocoeti, Blainville, Diet, des Sciences Nat. xxvi.
p. 120. Lernaea of the Flying Fish.
Fig. Holten, Acta Danica, Holm. 1802.
Hab. These specimens were taken from the back of the Flying Fish (Ex-
occetus volitans).
Donor, Mr. Clift.
286. Lernaeopenna .
Another species, with the head and neck far inserted under the integument
of part of the fin of some fish, probably a Diodon.
286 a. Lernaea elongata, Grant, Brewster's Journal, vii. p. 147-
Fig. Brewster's Journal, vii. pi. ii. Jig. 5. Scoresby, Account of Arctic
Regions, i. pi. 15.
Hab. Adheres to the cornea of the Greenland Shark.
Donor, Lieut. Colquhoun, R.Art^. 1823.
287. Lernaea .
Two specimens, about ten lines in length, attached by long tentacula to the
77
margin of the anus of a small Squalus. In addition to the elongated
ovarian appendages, there are also two smaller ones attached to the pos-
terior extremity of this species.
287 a. Lernsea Spratti. Lernaea of the Sprat.
Fig. Sowerby's Brit. Miscell. 1806.
Hab. Generally attached to the eye of the Sprat (Clupea Sprattus), as in
the present instance.
Donor, Mr. S. Stutchbury.
287 b. Lernaea Spratti.
This specimen is deeply inserted in the skin of the back*.
Mus. Dr. Jenner.
Subclass MALACOSTRACA.
Ordo DECAPODA. Brachyura.
(Pinnipeda. Swimmers.)
288. Matuta Victor, Fabr. Var. a. punctis sparsis.
Fig. Rumph. Mus. tab. x'n.^g. 8. Desmarest, Sur les Crustac^s,/?/. 7-J'%'. 2.
Hab. Indian Ocean.
289- Lupa Dufourii, Desm. Sur les CrustacSs, p. 99. Portunus Du-
fourii, Latr. (fosmina).
Hab. Mediterranean Sea.
( Orbiculata.)
289 a. Ixa canaliculata, Leach, Zool. Miscell. iii. p. 26. Leucosia
Cylindrus, Fabr. Latr.
Fig. Leach, Zool. Miscell. iii. pi. 129. fig. 1.
Hab. Indian Seas.
Donor, Dr. Leach, F.R.S. F.L.S. &c.
* The fishermen assert, that the sprats to which these Lernseae are affixed generally lead the shoal ;
and on account of the phosphoric light emitted by their parasitic adherents, they call them " Lanthorn
Sprats."
78
{Arcuata.)
290. Cancer Pagurus, Linn. Fabr. Leach. Common Crab of the
markets.
Hab. During the summer months it frequents all our rocky coasts, gene-
rally preferring deep water : is more rarely met with in winter, when it
is said to burrow in the sand.
Fig. Leach, Malacostr. Brit. tab. x.
291 J.B. Cancer cinereus, Bosc. ?
Hab. Coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.
A female with ova.
291a. Xantho Kumini.
Rather smaller than the Xantho florida of Dr. Leach ; but on comparing it with
the figure in the Malacostraca Podophthalmata, tab. xi. it differs from that
species in having the frontal margin in the form of a sigmoid curve on each
side of the central fissure, and in having only two protuberances on the la-
teral regions ; the carpal tubercles are also more produced, and thepollex or
moveable claw is less curved and shorter in proportion to the manus. The
upper part of the manus is marked with longitudinal and punctuated fur-
rows ; but the arcuated front and larger size of this species, with the
difference of habitat, seem all to indicate that it is distinct from the Can-
cer (Xantho) Poressa of Olivi, Zool. Adriat. pi. ii. Jig. 3.-|~
Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq., who gives Kumini as the native name.
{^Quadrilateral
291 13. Macrophthalmus telescopicus, H. O.
M. oculorum pedunculis extra angulis testcB valde porreciis, late-
ribus testes utrinque bispinosis, femoribus supra unispinosis, ma-
nibiis compressis latis.
For the characters of the genus Macrophthalmus, see Latreille in Cuv. Regne
Animal, tab. iv. p. 44. yiouv. ed. The species under consideration is re-
markable for the form of the ophthalmic peduncles, which are slender,
endowed with free motion, and so produced as to extend beyond the
angles of the shell by half their length.
79
The glass contains two specimens, a male and a female, of small size, of a
dirty blue colour, and slightly tomentose. The rostrum is narrow, de-
pressed, and grooved down the middle. The distance between the eyes,
which terminate the peduncles, is two inches ; the breadth of the cara-
pace is one inch two lines. The grooves which lodge the peduncles are
wide, and have finely crenate edges. The manus is slightly carinate near
its outer margin. The margins of the legs are more or less ciliated.
Hah. Oahu, Sandwich Islands.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
292. Gelasimus Pugilator, L,atr. Ocypode Pugilator, Boscr
Hab. Coasts of South Carolina.
Of this genus are the Crabs, termed Callers {Crahes appellans), or Fighters,
from their large forceps-claw being generally bent in front of the head in
a beckoning or pugilistic attitude.
292 A. Gelasimus Duperreyi ?
A small species. Carapace six lines in length and eight in width, smooth,
slightly marked with lines in form of 5^ on the back ; margins of the
ophthalmic grooves crenate. Right chela disproportionately large, the
arm furnished with a single tooth, and crenate at the inferior and
inner margins ; hand moderately compressed, with two transverse rows
of small tubercles beneath, near the base of the thumb. Left chela very
small, and furnished at its extremity with short dark hairs. Body liver-
coloured ; forceps orange-yellow.
Fig. Duperrey, Voyage autour du Monde, Atlas, Crustaces, pi. i. Jig. 2.
Gelasimus Duperreyi.
It has been remarked that the unequal size of the forceps-claws is peculiar
to the male : in the present instance both specimens are males.
Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
292 b. Ocypode Urvillii, Guerin in Duperrey' s Voyage, MS.
The carapace of this species is ten lines in length and an inch in breadth,
convex, delicately shagreened, and with a canaliculate margin. The ros-
trum is narrow, inclined, and rounded anteriorly ; on each side of it are
two incisures, the mesial lodging the peduncles, and the lateral the eyes
80
themselves, which are very large, and extend almost to the extremities of
the peduncles. The fingers of both chela are dentated internally and
marked with longitudinal lines ; the manus of the left chela, which is the
largest, is serrated at its outer margin. The legs are compressed and
transversely striated.
Fig. Duperrey, Voyage autour du Monde, Atlas, Crustac^s, pi. i. Jig. 1.
(the right chela is largest in the figure).
Hab. Low islands of the Pacific Ocean.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
293. Pinnotheres Veterum, Leach. Cancer Pinnotheres, Linn.
Hab. Bivalve shells.
This species has been observed in Pinna, and also in Ostrea edulis, and is
probably that which is alluded to by the ancients as purveying for the
MoUusca, in whose shell it may have taken up its abode. Vide Cic. de Nat.
Deor. lib. 2. sec. xlviii. Plin. Hist. Nat. lib. ix. cap. 42.
294 J. B. Pinnotheres Pisum, Latr. Cancer Pisum, Linn.
Hab. In the shells of Modioli, but most commonly those of Mytili ; their
presence in the latter has been erroneously supposed to occasion those
unpleasant symptoms that sometimes come on after eating muscles.
294 a. Plagusia tuberculata, Latr.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 305. fig.\.
Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands ; where it is called by the natives Priea.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
294b. Grapsus Thukuhar, R. O.
Carapace quadrilateral, broadest in front ; the sides slightly converging to
the posterior angles, which are truncated. Hostrum very broad, inclined,
supporting four prominences, of which the lateral are the largest. No
teeth at the sides of the shell, but the anterior angles produced and acute ;
oblique lines over the branchial regions. Chela equal, short, obtuse ;
humeri with two spines ; internal margin of the cubiti dilated towards
the apex, and armed with spines ; carpi with one or two spines inter-
nally ; manus slightly tuberculated at the upper part, the remainder
smooth and mottled with purple. Claws compressed, the femora with
81
two or three spines at their apices, the other joints hairy, the terminal
ones armed with short brown spines, sprinkled over with minute brown
spots, like the skin of Sepia officinalis. Colour, a yellowish dun.
Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands. Native name Thukuhar.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
294 c. Grapsus quadratus.
Breadth and length eight lines ; carapace convex above, arched at the sides,
narrowed and truncated behind ; rostrum broad, depressed, bearing four
slightly elevated tubercles.
Fig. Sloane, Hist, of Jamaica, ii. pi. 245. fig. 1. Cancer marinus mini-
mus quadratus.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
(Trigona.)
295. Macropodia Phalangium, Leach.
Fig. Leach, Malacostr. Podophth. Brit. pi. 23. fig. 6. Pennant, Brit.
Zool. iv. tab. ix. fig. 3. Cancer Phalangium.
Hab. Coasts of Europe, Mediterranean Sea.
It is said to invest itself occasionally in leaves of fuci to insnare its prey.
(Cryptopoda.)
295 a. Calappa tuberculata, Fabr.
Fig. Herbst, Krabben ; tab. xiii. fig. 78.
Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands. Native name Papaki.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
DECAPODA. Macroura.
{Hippida.)
296. Remipes .
Hab.
Mesial antenna multiarticulate, and longer than the lateral : the first pair
of feet are adactyle, with the second joint subquadrate, large ; the se-
cond pair elongated, with the last joint narrow, compressed, and pointed ;
the third and fourth pairs terminate in crescent-shaped laminae ; the fifth
M
82
pair is small, and pointed ; all are more or less hirsute : the caudal
appendages are terminated by two ciliated natatory laminae. The cara-
pace is oval and smooth, with the lateral borders crenate as in Remipes
testudinarius, but with one tooth only, in the middle of the anterior
border, and a slight indentation on each side.
A female, with ova under the broad segments of the tail.
296a. Remipes .
Hab. Coasts of Demerara,
A female with ova, the same species as the preceding, but of a brown colour,
with the extremities of the tail and feet approaching to black.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
297- Remipes testudinarius, I^atr.
Fig. Cuvier, Regne Animal, iv. pi. xii. Jig. 2. RemipMe tortue des cotes
de la Nouvelle Hollande.
Hab. New Holland.
{Paguridce. Hermit or Soldier Crabs.)
298. Pagurus Bernhardus, Fabr. Cancer Bernhardus, Linn. The
Hermit Crab.
A small specimen in a Trochus.
299- Pagurus Streblonyx, Leach, Malacostr. Fodophth. Brit. Cancer
Bernhardus, Lt?in. The Soldier Crab.
Fig. Leach, Malacostr. Podophth. Brit. tab. xxvi. 1 — 4.
Hab. European coasts, in deserted turbinated univalves. The specimen
is in a Buccinum. "The twisted claws distinguish this from all the
other species that I have seen*." Leach, ut supra.
300. Pagurus Streblonyx.
The specimen is in a Buccinum undatum, part of which is removed to
expose the body and tail of the Pagurus ; this is furnished with appen-
dages by means of which, and its diminutive hinder claws, the parasitic
occupant is enabled to adhere to the pillar of the shell.
For the Buccinum, see Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. p. 112. pi. 77-
" Compare with No. 302 B.
83
301. Pagurus Streblonyx.
It has been removed from the large Buccinum undatum, which is suspended.
On comparing this with the preceding specimens, it will be seen that the
Hermit Crabs, as their growth proceeds, occupy shells of successively
larger dimensions ; and this change of habitation is said to take place
annually, at the period of casting the integument.
302. Pagurus Streblonyx.
Two specimens, removed from their habitations.
302 a. Pagurus ; allied to Streblonyx.
In the upper specimen, the left forceps-claw presents a distinctive character,
being of a trihedral form, with a ridge along the superior and external
border ; — these characters are less strongly marked in the lower specimen.
In both, the claws have a slight twist, but less marked than in Pagurus
Streblonyx. They are of a dirty brown colour, and are beset with minute
Spirorbes.
Hah. Kamschatka.
Donor, G. Trade scant Lay, Esq.
302 b. Pagurus splendescens, H. 0.
P. subfuscus, viridi-aurea nitens, chelis tuberculis in longum dis-
positis, sinistrce digitis valde elongatis.
This singular species has a convex and heart-shaped thorax, tridentate in
front, the middle tooth produced ; of a deep fuscous colour and granu-
late, very much resembling the back of a toad. The ophthalmic peduncles
are short and thick. The chela are elongated, compressed, and of un-
equal size ; the right being the largest : below, they are hirsute and gra-
nulate ; above, they reflect hues of green and pink with a metallic lustre,
and are marked with longitudinal rows of small tubercles ; the fingers of
each chela gradually terminate in points, those of the left being remark-
ably elongated, bent at their extremities, and closing without intervening
space. The second and third pairs of claws are longer than the chela,
compressed, granulate, with serrated margins, and, together with the
peduncles of the antennae, reflect the same hues as the preceding pair ;
their ultimate joints have a twist as in Pag. Streblonyx. The fourth and
fifth pairs of claws are very short : the abdomen is short, membranous,
and without any lateral laminae or ciliated appendages ; at least there was
M 2
84
no appearance of any in the three specimens from which the preceding
characters were taken ; but this circumstance ' may be peculiar to the
males.
Hab. Kamschatka.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
303. Pagurus Miles, Oliv. Encycl. Meth. Ins. viii. sp. 13. p. 643.
Hab. Sumatra.
In this specimen a number of dark specks may be observed regularly
arranged on the concave side of the abdomen, close to the tail ; these
Mr. Broderip has discovered to be minute acetabula, analogous to the
sucking-cups on the arms of the cuttle-fish, and serving to attach the
animal more firmly to the columella of its habitation. Vide Zoological
Journal, No. xiv. p. 208.
304 J. B. Pagurus Diogenes, 'Eahr.
Hab. Indian Seas.
305. Pagurus granulatus, Olixi. Encycl. Meth. Ins. viii. sp. 5. p. 640.
Hab. Indian Ocean.
This specimen agrees with the description given by Olivier in every respect,
except, that the right chela is manifestly smaller than the left, and that
the four succeeding claws are longer than the chela.
305 A. Pagurus Aniculus, Fabr. Oliv. Quoy Gaimard.
Fig. Freycinet, Voyage autour du Monde, Atlas, pi. 79. y^. 1. Zoologie,
p. 531. Pagure Vieillard.
Hab. Carysfort Island. " This species breathes water only, and dies very
soon after being removed from that element." — Note accompanying the
specimen by the
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
305 B. Pagurus guttatus, Oliv. Encycl. MSth. Ins. viii. sp. 3. p. 640.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 3 1 ^.Jig. 2. Freycinet, Voyage autour du Monde,
Atlas, pi. 79. ^g- 3.
Hab. Carysfort Island.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
305 c. Pagurus pictus, R.O.
P. parasiticus, chelis incequalibus, sinistra majore, digiiis granu-
85
latis ; pedibus albis ruhro armillatis, tertiis infra penicillato-
hirsutis.
Length of body one inch and a half. Thorax smooth, white, slightly tri-
dentate in front. Ophthalmic peduncles long, crimson at the base, black
at the apex ; chel(B obtuse, of a deep yellow colour, almost smooth, ex-
cept the fingers, which are studded with small white tubercles. Antenna
of a yellow colour, not exceeding the length of the chela. Second and
third pairs of claws marked with alternate transverse belts of white and
carmine, the latter being sprinkled with minute white spots, the last joint
white with red spots ; small stiff red hairs scattered here and there over
the claws, the third pair having besides several packets of moderately
long pink hairs growing from the under part of the last and penultimate
joints, resembling a brush. The post-abdomen has four thin horny plates
at its upper part, and as many short and delicate ciliated appendages at-
tached to the left side.
Donor, G. Trade scant Lay, Esq.
305 D. Pagurus oculatus, ilmo.
Hah. Mediterranean Sea. This example is from the coast of Sicily ; the
chela are subequal, and the ophthalmic peduncles very long.
Donor, Lord Valentia, 1811.
306. A small Pagurus with subaequal chela.
Hab.
306 A. Coenobita * clypeata, La^r. Pagurus clypeatus, 0/zi?fer.
Fig. EncycL M^th. pl.ZU.Jig. 1.
Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands, and the low islands of the Pacific generally.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.''
* The genus Cenobite was established by Latreille at the expense of the preceding ; and is charac-
terized by elongated antennae, the mesial almost equalling the lateral in length ; and by the form of
the thorax, which is conical, narrow, elongated, truncated anteriorly, and so compressed laterally, that
the sides form right angles with the dorsum. This species is the type of the Genus.
This species, Mr. Lay tells us, abounds in the low islands of the Pacific, where it is a great article
of food. The natives roast them, after pulling off their claws, which are scattered about. These
fragments soon attract others of the species, which come to feed on the remains of their unfortunate
companions ; so that after the meal has commenced, an ample supply is thus kept up.
Mr. Stutchbury says that they commonly select Turbo setosa Lam. for their habitation ; and that he
86
307. Coenobita Hunteri, R. 0.
This species is about two inches and a half in length.
Chela unequal ; the manus of each has a tuft of yellow shining hairs on its
superior margin ; that of the left is remarkably gibbous externally, and
smooth, with the exception of a few minute scattered puncta; in the
latter respect, and in colour, it dilFers from the preceding specimen, and
appears to have been hitherto undescribed ; it is proposed as a new spe-
cies, with the following character : —
Coenobita alb 'ida, pedihus punctatis, chela sinistra majore, obtusd, manu
subloEvi, extr or sum forte gibbosa.
To this species is affixed the name of the Immortal Founder of the Col-
lection in which it has long remained unnoticed. There is unfortunately
no record of its habitat.
307 a. Coenobita Layi, R. 0.
C. cheld sinistra majore, manu interne carinato, supra tuherculis
in linea dispositis, unguibus pedum secundi tertiique paris tri-
edris.
Length of body one inch two-thirds.
This is a small and elegant species ; the thorax is granulate and of a light
brown colour ; the legs and antennae of a blueish-gray colour ; the outer
surface of the manus is marked with a deep brown spot*. It differs from
the preceding species in having a line of small tubercles on the upper
part, and a distinctly elevated ridge on the inner part of the left manus,
which is also more compressed laterally, and more pointed ; and the last
joints of the second and third pairs of claws, which in Coenobita Hunteii
are rounded, in this species present three angles.
It is named in honour of the Donor, George Tradescant Lay, Esq., by whom
the Museum has been enriched with this and many other rare and beau-
tiful specimens ; collected by him in the Pacific Ocean during the Expedi-
tion of Captain Beechey, in H. M. S. Blossom, in the years 1826, 182/.
Hab. Carysfort Island.
has met with them dragging about this very heavy shell four hundred feet above the level of the sea,
in the island of Tahiti.
• The part probably which serves as the operculum of its borrowed habitation.
87
The lower specimen in the glass is partially withdrawn from the Helix, its
habitation, to expose the ova.
307 B. Coenobita Layi''.
Two small specimens ; one of them is in a Helix.
Hah. Carysfort Island.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
{Galathead(E.)
308. Galathea squamifera ?
An imperfect small specimen.
l^ide Leach, Malacrostr. Podophth. Brit. tab. xxviii.
309- Exuviae of a Macrourous Decapod ; probably a Galathea.
309 a. Porcellana coccinea, H.O.
P. coccinea, chelis aqualibus, ulnis interne ufiidentatis, carpis
qitadri-dentatis, manibus supra carinatis.
Length of body one inch and a half.
' Rostrum advanced, pointed, grooved down the centre, with two small lateral
teeth : carapace rugose, laterally and inferiorly canaliculate : chela equal,
large, compressed, slightly scabrous superiorly, smooth beneath ; cubiti
with a single spine internally, carpi with four ; form of the manus when
closed lanceolate, above carinate, the external margin slightly and irregu-
larly serrate ; fingers unarmed, and closing without intervening space :
femora compressed ; superior margins serrate and ciliate. The crimson
tinge is scattered over the body in spots and striae ; it is strongest at the
extremities of the legs.
Hab. Low Islands of the Pacific Ocean.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
In addition to the distinctive characters given by Latreille {Families Nat. du Regne Aram. p. 276.
Regne Anim. Cuv. t. iv. p. 77. nouv. ed.), the following circumstances are common to all the pre-
ceding specimens of Coenobita. The truncated anterior margin of the thorax is canaliculate, and its
angles are produced forwards ; the ophthalmic peduncles are compressed laterally, and converge. The
first joint of the mesial antennae is conical, and has a spine at the upper part near the base ; the manus
of each chela has a small tuft of shining brown hairs on its superior margin, and that of the left is pro-
duced inferiorly ; the four anterior claws are subhirsute, longer than the chelae, and the third pair is
longer than the second ; add to which, that the general form of the animal bears the aspect of having
been influenced by lateral pressure, — probably in relation to the form of the peculiar genus of shell
selected for its abode.
88
{ScyllaridcE .)
310. Scyllarus latus, Latr. Orchetta, Rondel.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. ;?/. 313.
Hab. The shores of the Mediterranean, where its flesh is much esteemed.
The lateral antennae, or rather their peduncles, are singularly modified
into four broad and flat articulations, notched and hirsute at their mar-
gins.
The specimen is a male, nearly a foot long.
{Palinuridce. Cray-fish.)
311. Palinurus ornatus, Ja6r.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 316.
Hab. Indian Ocean.
{Astacida. Lobsters.)
312. Thalassena scorpionoides, 'Leach.
Fig. Leach, Zool. Miscell. iii. pi. 130. Herbst, Drif. Band. /?/.62. Cancer
Astacus anomalus.
Hab. Indian Ocean. A very fine example of this rare species.
313. Astacus marinus, Fabr. Cancer Gammarus, Linn. Common
Lobster.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. pi. 10. fig. 21.
Hab. European seas ; especially along the coasts of Norway.
314. Astacus flu viatilis, F«6r. Cancer Astacus, Liww. The Craw-fish.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. pi. 15. fig. 27-
Hab. European rivers, in holes which they form in the clayey banks.
{Caridce. Shrimps and Prawns.)
314a. Crangon vulgaris, Fahr. Cancer Crangon, Linn. The Shrimp.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. pi. 15. fig. 30.
Hab. The specimens are from the Arctic Ocean.
The species is found in vast quantities along the sandy shores of Britain.
Donor, Alexander Fisher, Esq. Surg. R.N.
89
315. Small specimens of Crangon, that lived in salt-pans.
315 a. Crangon Boreas, -Fa^r.
Fig. Phipps, Voyage towards the North Pole, pi. 12. Jig. I. Cancer
Boreas.
Hah. " Winter-harbour, Melville Island."
Donor, Alexander Fisher, Esq. Surg. R.N.
315 b. Crangon Boreas.
Hah. Winter-harbour, Melville Island. A Spirorbe Serpula is attached
to the extremity of the rostrum, and sm.all Balani are imbedded in the
thorax.
Donor, Captain Edward Sabine, F.R.S.
315 c. Crangon salebrosus, Ji. O.
C. salebrosus, thorace septefn-carinato, segmentis binis spinis utrin-
que terminatis.
Length of body four inches. Colour a deep brown.
General habit of the body granulate and scabrous. Thorax seven-carinate,
the lateral carinae serrate, the inferior ones indicated by tubercles longi-
tudinally disposed, the middle one with two or three serrate and not very
produced or acute spines ; rostrum short, depressed, grooved on each
side ; four spines beneath the thorax, as in Crangon Boreas ; the second
pair of legs are elongated and didactyle, as in the type of the genus, and
the abdominal segments terminate inferiorly in two spines ; by which
circumstances it may be readily distinguished from Crangon septem-cari-
natus, Sahine, Suppl. App. to Parry s Voyage, p. ccxxxvi. pi. ii. f. 11. 12.
13, and from Pontophilus spinosus, Leach, Malacostr. Podophih. Brit,
t. xxxvii A.
Hah. Shores of Kamschatka.
Donor, George Tradescant Lay, Esq.
315 D. Hippolita armata, R.O.
H. thoracis carina dentibus quatuor, margine antico trispinoso,
segmetitis spijiis acutis binis aut ternis utrinque terminatis.
Length of body three inches. Colour brown.
This species bears a near resemblance to the Alpheus aculeatus of Sabine,
Suppl. App. to Parry s Voyage, p. ccxxxvi. pi. ii. fig. 9. ; like it, it has
N
90
the apex of the pediform palpi and the middle lamella of the tail spi-
nuloses and differs only in having the second, third, and fourth abdo-
minal segments terminating inferiorly in three spines ; in the former the
middle spine is most produced, .in these the posterior. In the present
specimens the femora of the third, fourth, and fifth pairs of claws are
spinulose externally, the terminal spine being the longest ; but these were
less obvious in another specimen.
As it seems now agreed to restrict the genus Alpheus to those species whose
second pair of claws are shorter than the first, this species is referred to
the genus Hippolite of Leach, characterized by the second exceeding the
length of the first pair of claws, and in which, for the same reason, the
Alpheus aculeatus of Captain Sabine should be included.
Hab. Shores x)f Kamschatka.
Donor, George Tradescant Lay, Esq.
315 E. Hippolita armata.
In this singular specimen the internal seta of the left internal antenna is
produced to more than half the length of the external antenna, which it
exceeds in thickness, and, as part has been broken off, might even have
surpassed it in length ; the corresponding seta of the opposite side has
been unfortunately lost, but from the thickness of the part that remains,
it was probably as long as the other. Does this circumstance indicate a
new genus, or is it accidental ? From the close affinity which this indi-
vidual manifests in every other particular with the preceding, the latter
may be considered the more probable opinion.
Donor, George Tradescant Lay, Esq.
316. Penaeus Orbignyanus, Latr. ISlouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxv. p. 155.
Caramote of Orbigny.
Hab. Coast of La Vendee.
317. Steiiope hispidus, Latr. Palsemon hispidiis, Oliv.
Fig. Encycl. M^h. pi. 319. 2.
Hab. Australian Seas.
A beautiful and perfect specimen of a female with ova.
318. Palsemon serratus, Leach. Astacus serratus, Herbst.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. pi. 16. ^g. 28. Palamon Squilla.
91
This specimen has been taken during the process of casting its integument,
part of which still adheres to the head. The tumour on the left side of
the thorax is produced by the lodgment of a parasitic crustaceous animal
(Bopyrus, see No. 325.), and it is worthy of remark, that the new semi-
transparent crust has been formed over it and is moulded upon it.
319- Palaemon Carcinus, Oliv. Encycl. Metfi. Lis. torn. viii. p. 659-
sp. 1. Cancer Carcinus, Fabr. Indian Prawn.^
Fig. Encycl. M^th. pL 292. 2.
319 a. Palaemon Carlislei, R. 0.
P. rostro utrinque serrato, anteniiarum sguamas cEquante ; pedihus
secimdi paris longissimis, intiis tnmicatis, digitis villosis nigris.
This species is about seven inches in length, of a yellowish colour with shades
of brown, and a tinge of red at the tail. The thorax is smooth, with sinuosi-
ties marking out the branchial regions, and bidentate on either side. The
rostrum, commencing a little beyond the middle of the thorax, extends
to the extremities of the squamae of the antennae, and is 9-dentate above,
and 5-dentate beneath. The exterior antenna? are a little longer than
the body; the first joint of the internal antennae has two spines exter-
nally, one near the base, the other at the termination. The first pair of
claws is short, slender and didactyle ; the second pair is seven inches in
length, and cyhndrical ; these elongated claws bear on their internal
aspects numerous elevated points or small tubercles disposed for the
most part longitudinally, externally they are scabrous ; the fingers are
almost as long as the manus, with three or four small teeth (one larger
than the rest) at the base of each, and covered with short, thickly set,
soft hairs, of a black colour ; circumstances which distinguish it mate-
rially from the Palaemon ornatus of Olivier [Encycl. Meth. Ins. torn. viii.
* The Palaemon Carcinus of Leach, Zool. Miscell. ii. pi, 92, Jamaica Prawn, is a species distinct
from the present, for it has a rostrum scarcely equalling in length the squamae of the exterior antennae,
and tridentate beneath ; while in the specimen before me, the rostrum extends beyond the squamae,
and is 6-dentate beneath ; the proportions of the second pair of feet and the single tooth on the side
of the thorax in the figure given by Dr. Leach, also cause it to deviate from the present specimen ;
to which the synonyms of Fabricius (Suppl. Ent. Syst. p. 402. sp. 1. "P. chelis porrectis muricatis,
rostro ascendente antennarum squamis longiore") and of Latreille (Hist. Nat. des Crust, et des Ins. vi.
p. 260. sp, 10.), ought to apply, rather than to the Palaemon Jamaicensis of Herbst (Cancr. ii. tab. 27.
Jig. 2.).
N 2
92
p. 660. sp. 5.), which is a New Holland species. Their extremities also
are pointed, and incline a little towards each other ; whilst the poUex or
moveable finger has a slight but gradual curve.
Hah. From a fresh-water swamp in Africa ; described as frequently making
use of these arms to climb up reeds &c. out of the water.
To the Donor, Sir Anthony Carlisle, F.R.S. F.L.S. &c., by whom the
Museum is enriched with many beautiful and singular specimens, and
Natural Science by valuable contributions, this species is dedicated.
319 b. Palsemon hirtimanus, Hairy-handed Palaemon.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 318. fig. 2.
Hab. Indian Seas.
319 c. Palaemon hirtimanus. Var. cheld dextra majore.
In both these specimens a white villosity may be observed on the hand of
the larger chela.
Ordo STOMAPODA.
320. Squilla Mantis, Fahr. Cancer Mantis, Linn. Sea Mantis.
Var. major, pollicibus octo-deniatis.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pL 324.
Hab. Mediterranean Sea.
A very fine specimen, fourteen inches long.
321. Squilla Mantis.
A small but perfect specimen ; the spines of the thumb are in this instance
six in number,
321 A. Squilla maculata, Cancer arensLrius, Rumphius.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 323.
Hab. Indian Ocean ; coasts of Abyssinia.
A well-marked specimen, about eight inches in length ; thumb with six spines.
321 B. Squilla maculata, Fabr.
A large example, a foot long ; thumb with nine spines.
Hab. Abyssinia.
Donor, Henry Salt, Esq.
322. Squilla maculata.
Maculae very faint ; thumb five-toothed.
93
3!22a. Squilla scabricauda, Lam,
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 525. Jig. I.
Hah. Indian Ocean.
Rows of small spines on the segments of the tail : nine spines on the
thumb.
323. Squilla chiragra, Tahr. Gonodactylus chiragms, Latr. Regnt
Anim. iv. p. 109. nouv. ed.
Fig. Encycl. Meth. pi. 325. Jig. 2. Desmarest, Sur les Crust, pi. 43.
Hab. Indian Ocean : the specimen is from Sumatra.
In this species the thumb, unarmed with spines, presents a rounded pro-
tuberance at its base, and terminates in a thin, slightly curved process
(considered a generic distinction by Latreille).
Ordo AMPHIPODA.
(Gammaridce.)
323 a. Gammarus Locusta, Leach.
Fig. Montagu, Linn. Trans, ix. tab. v^.fig. 1. Cancer Gammarus Locusta.
Hab. This specimen is from "Winter Harbour ; the species is common on
our coasts, but cannot live out of salt-water.
Donor, Captain Parry, R.N. 1820.
323 b. Numerous specimens of Gammarus Locusta, and among them
a small Gammarus loricatus.
Hab. Winter Harbour.
Donor, Captain Parry, R.N. 1820.
323c. Gammarus loricatus, Sabine.
Fig. Suppl. App. to Parry's Voyage, pi. 1. fig. 7-
Hab. Winter Harbour.
Donor, Captain Parry, R.N. 1820. . '
323 d. Atylus Ampulla, Leach. Gammarus Ampulla, Fabr.
Fig. Phipps, Voyage towards the North Pole, pi. 12. fig. 2.
Hab. Arctic Ocean.
Donor, Captain Parry, R.N.
94
323 E. Dexamine Edvardsii. Talitrus Edvardsii, Sabine.
Fig. Suppl. App. to Parry's Voyage, pi. 2. fig. 1 — 4.
Hab. Northern Ocean.
In the number of joints and relative length of the antennae this species
should be considered an Atylus of Leach and Desmarest ; but in the forms
of the rostrum and of the four anterior legs, in the form and position of
the eyes, and in general appearance, it so closely resembles the genus
Dexamine of the same authors (see Desmarest, Surles Crustaces,p. 263.),
that it is there referred accordingly. The elongated vesicular branchise
attached to the base of the feet are well displayed in this specimen.
Donor, Lieutenant Franklin, R.N. 1818.
Ordo L.EMODIPODA.
{Cyamida. Whale Lice.)
324. Larunda Ceti, Leach. Oniscus Ceti, Linn. Whale's Lice.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. cxix. Jig. 13—17.
Hab. On all the Cetacea.
324 a. Larunda Ceti.
Three specimens of the natural colour; the uppermost is a female, and
shows well the four laminae attached to the branchial feet, and protecting
• the ova.
F'ide Savigny, Animaux sans Vert^bres, pi. v. Jig. \. 2. prem. partie.
Ordo ISOPODA.
{Fpicaridce. Prawn Lice.)
325. Two Prawns suspended ; a portion of integument is removed
from the left side of the thorax, exposing Bopyrus Squilla-
rum Latr., Monoculus Crangorum Fabr.
Hab. This Crustaceous parasite is generally found imbedded under the
integument of the thorax of the genus Palaemon or Crangon, with its
back applied to the branchiae ; it would seem to be nourished by the
animalculae contained in the water which the motion of the respiratory
95
organs causes to flow over it. Not more than one is ever found on
a single Prawn.
325 a. Bopyrus Squillarum.
It lies at the bottom of the glass ; the cavity which contained it is on the
right side of the thorax of a young Prawn.
( Cymothoada.)
326. Cymothoa CEstrum, Fabr.
Fig. Pallas, Spicil. 7iOo\. fasc. ix. tab. w.Jig. 13.
Hab. European Oceans.
327. Cymothoa CEstrum, with the abdomen laid open.
328. Cymothoa GEstrum ?
This species differs from the preceding and from the figure in the Spicilegia
Zoologica, in the form of its head, which is square, being truncated ante-
riorly, and not extending beyond the notch of the first segment in which
it is lodged ; also in the form of the sides of the notch, which are broad
anteriorly, and have not their angles rounded oflF.
329- Mg2i emarginata, Leach.
Fig. Encycl. Brit, Suppl. art. Annulosa, pi. xxi. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv.
tab. -^i^.Jig. 1. Oniscus Psora?
Hab.
329 a. Idotea Entomon, Latr. Oniscus Entomon, Linn.
Fig. Pallas, Spicil. 7iOo\. fasc. ix. p. 64. tab. \. fig. 1. 2. 6.
A fine specimen, four inches in length.
Hab. Shores of Karaschatka.
Donor, G. Tradescant Lay, Esq.
330. Idotea tricuspida, Latr.
Fig. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. tab. xix. fig. 5. Oniscus Entomon.
This species, and not the preceding, is the Oniscus Entomon of Dr. Leach,
Linn. Trans, xi. p. 364, " caudd apice tridentatd."
Hab. Shores of the Baltic, and English coasts, among fuci ; it is said
to do much injury to the nets of the fishermen. In the smaller spe-
cimen, the notches and teeth at the extremity of the tail are but slightly
marked.
96
331. Idotea Qi.strum, Leach. Bosc. Oniscus Qi.striim, Gmel.
Fig. Pennant, Bril.Zool.iv. xix.y?^. 6. Pallas, Spicil.Zool.ix. tab. 'w.
" It dilFers from Entomon (tricuspida) in wanting teeth at the extremity of
the tail, and having a deep notch instead ; the antennae, too, are evidently
shorter." — Leach.
Hah. Coasts of Great Britain.
331a. Arcturus tuberculatus, Latr.^ Cuv. Regne Atiim. iv. p. 139-
noiiv. ed. Idotea Baffini, Sabine.
Fig. Suppl. App. to Parry's Voyage, pi. 1. Jig. 4 — 6.
Hab. Baffin's Bay ; " brought up in considerable numbers from twenty
fathoms depth, coarse sandy bottom, on the west coast of Baffin's Bay,
in latitude 71°-" Supplement to Parry s Voyage, p. ccxxviii. Vide
Sowerby's Brit. Miscellany, i. pi. 15, evidently another species of this
singular genus.
331 B. A very young specimen of the same species.
Class INSECTA.
Subclass MYRIAPODA.
Ordo CHILOGNATHA.
331c. Glomeris ovalis, Latr. lulus ovatus, Linn. Fabr.
Fig. Amoen. Acad. tab. iii. ^g. 4. Latr. Hist, Nat. des Crust, et des
Ins. vii. pi. 59, Jig. 5. 6.
Uab. Shores of Europe.
332. lulus terrestris, Latr. Linn. Fabr.
Fig. Roemer, Genera Insect, tab. xxx. Jig. 15.
Hab. Europe, in sandy places.
332 A. The bottle contains two exotic specimens of luh. The upper one is of
a bright reddish-brown colour, with feet of the same hue, the last seg-
ment inclining to white. The antennae are nearly of the same colour
with the body, are seven-articulate, and have a white ring at the extre-
mity of the five proximal joints. This is named, from the latter cir-
cumstance,
lulus annulicornis.
97
I. rufescenSy segmento ultimo suhmucronato pallido, antennis riifis
armulis albis, pedibnsqiie rufescentibm articulis pallidis.
Length of body four inches and a half ; about as thick as a goose-quill ;
number of segments 58.
The lower specimen accords with the characters of lulus fuscus Linn.
Amoen. Acad. iv. p. 253, except that the terminal joint of the antennae,
being hidden in the penultimate one, appears to have escaped the atten-
tion of Linnaeus.
332 b. lulus vittatus, R.O.
I. olivaceus, marginibus segment or um posticis ferrugineis, margine
antico segmenti primi aiira?itiOy antennis pedibusque ferrugineis^
segmento ultimo inermi.
Length of body four inches and a half, as thick as a swan's quill ; number
of segments 53.
Hab. Maryland, North America.
This lulus is an exception to the rest of the genus, which are for the most
part characterized by some dull uniform colour ; it is of a bronze-green
colour, with narrow reddish-brown rings at the posterior margin of each
segment, forming an agreeable contrast with the bright rufous feet, and
the orange-coloured stripe across the front of the first segment. The
feet incline to green at their connection with the body. There is no anal
mucro. On a close inspection, minute spiraculiform pores may be ob-
served running in a longitudinal row on each side the body. A delicate
white line may also be observed running across each segment immediately
in front of the brown stripe ; and these are connected by three longitudi-
nal lines, one running down the middle of the back, the others in a line
with the lateral pores.
333. lulus crassus, Linn. Fabr.
This specimen corresponds in every respect with the Fabrician description :
" Corpus pallescens, utrinque lined e punctis minutissimis nigris, caudd
acutdr
The minute puncta are pores or outlets for the emission of a slimy secretion,
and may be observed in all the preceding specimens, where, however, the
dark colour renders them less obvious.
o
98
Hah. Asia.
In the specimen the number of segments is 58; of pairs of feet, 110;
entire length of body, five inches eight lines.
333 a. a remarkably fine specimen of lulus. lulus fuscus. ¥ahr. ?
In length seven inches and a half ; number of segments 69.
Hah. India.
Donor, B. Clifton Henderson, Esq. 1821.
Ordo SYNGNATHA.
334. Cermatia araneoides, IlUger. Leach. Scutigera araneoides, _La^r.
lulus araneoides, Pallas.
Fig. Pallas, Spicil. Zoolog. ix. iah. iv. fig. 16.
Hah. Europe, in inhabited dwellings. Antennae a little longer than the
body.
335. Cermatia longicornis, Leac^. Scolopendra longicornis, Fafe/*.
Hah. Tranquebar. Antennae twice as long as the body.
336. Scolopendra Gigas, Leach, Linn. Trans, xii. p. 383. The Gi-
gantic Centipede.
Fig. Browne's Hist, of Jamaica, pi. 42. fig. 4.
Hah. Tropical America.
336 a. Scolopendra Gigas.
A robust specimen, eight inches and a half in length.
Hah.
Donor, Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart.
336 b. Scolopendra Gigas.
A finer specimen, measuring nine inches and a half from the roots of the
antennae to the vent.
Donor, Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart.
336c, Scolopendra Gigas.
Donor, William Norris, Esq.
337. Scolopendra alternans, Leach. Linn. Trans, xix. p. 383. Scolo-
pendra morsitans of Authors. Alternating Centipede.
99
Fig. Leach, Zool. Miscell. n\. pi. 138.
Length five inches and a half ; compare the alternately long and short seg-
ments in this specimen with their uniform size in the preceding.
337 A. Scolopendra, with subequal segments and a stripe of green at
the posterior margin of each.
Hab.
Donor, Thomas Keate, Esq. 1811.
338. Geophilus electricus, Leach. Scolopendra electrica, Fab. The
Luminous Centipede.
Fig. De Geer, Insect. pi. xxxvi. Jig. 17-*
Hab. The specimen is from Sumatra.
339* Geophilus electricus.
A larger specimen of the Luminous Centipede.
Hab. .
" The shining of the Scolopendra electrica I have always observed to be
accompanied by the appearance of an effusion of a luminous fluid upon
the surface of the animal, more particularly about the head, which may
be received upon the hand, or other bodies brought into contact with the
insect at the moment, and these exhibit a phosphoric light for a few se-
conds afterwards. This fluid, however, I never could discover in the
form of moisture, even upon the clearest glass, although examined im-
mediately with the most scrupulous attention by a lens ; it must there-
fore be extremely attenuated." — Macartney, on Luminous Animals, Phil.
Trans. 1810.
Subclass ARACHNIDA.
{Nymphonida.)
339 a. Nymphum gracile, Leach. The Slender Nymphum.
Fig. Leach, Zool. Miscell. \. pi. 19. p. 45.
Hab. The British Seas.
339 b. Nymphum liirtum, Fa^r. The Hairy Nymphum.
Fig.
Hab. Northern Seas.
Donor, Capt. Buchan, R.N.
o 2
100
339 c. Nymphum Grossipes, Sabine.
Fig. See Captain Sabine's description p. ccxxiv, of the Supplementary
Appendix to Parry's Voyage 1819 — 20, to which this specimen corre-
sponds ; the figure in the Zoologia Danica tab. cxix. besides the differ-
ences pointed out by Captain Sabine, has the extreme joints of the
mandibles much less curved and the legs are more slender than in the
specimen.
340. Pycnogonum Balaenarum, Lam. Leach. Phalangium Balaenarum,
Linn.
Fig. Miiller, Zool. Dan. tab. cxbi.fig. 10 — 12. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv.
tab. xix.y?^. 7-
Hab. European Ocean. On whales, and sometimes on fuci.
{Pseudo-scorpionidcB Latr.)
340 A . Chelifer Latreillii Leach ?
Fig. Zool. Miscell. \\\. pi. 142. ^g. 2.
Hab. " Minute animals found in a dunghill in Dorsetshire, brought by
Mr. Griffiths to Sir Everard Home, Oct. 5, 1818."
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. 1818.
(Scorpionid^.)
341. Scorpio Afer, Linn. Buthus Afer, Leach. The Great Scorpion.
Fig. Herbst, Monogr. Scorp. tab. i.*
Each pecten has eighteen teeth.
Hab. East Indies, Ceylon, &c.
342. Scorpio Afer, in a pregnant state.
Pecten s with thirteen teeth on one side, and fifteen on the other, two of
which next the mesial line are of a darker colour than the rest and appear
ready to fall off.
342 a. Scorpio Afer.
A female distended with young, and, excepting the chelse, thorax and tail,
of a pale colour.
Pectens 17-dentate.
101
343. Scorpio Afer.
A female with numerous young ones of which it is said to be the mother.
The Scorpion produces its young alive (the ova being hatched in the ma-
trix) to the number of from twenty-six to forty according to Redi ; but
Maupertius and Leon Dufour have counted upwards of sixty. These are
at first entirely white, but very soon acquire the brown and dusky tints.
Pectens 18-dentate.
344. A young Scorpio Afer.
The pectens have acquired only eight teeth.
345. Scorpio occitanus, Latr.
Fig. Herbst, tab. iii.^^. 3.*
Hab. Tropical America.
The pectens have lost some of their teeth ; but, calculating from the space
that is left, each had originally more than twenty.
346. Scorpio americanus, Linn. Latr.
Fig. Roesel, Ins. ii. tab. hiy\.Jig. 5. Der Surinamische Scorpion.
Hah: Tropical America.
Pectens 18-dentate.
346a. Small Scorpions from Ceylon; of the same size and habit as
the preceding, but of a darker colour. Scorpio punctatus ?
Fig. De Geer, Mdm. Ins. vii. tab. xli.^^. 1. Scorpion ponctue.
Hab. Ceylon.
Donor, Dr. John Davy, F.R.S. &c.
347. Scorpio gracilis, I)e Geer.
Fig. De Geer, Mem. Ins. vii. pi. xli.^^. 5.
Hab. America.
( Tarantulid<£.)
348. Thelephronus caudatus, Latr.
Fig. Seba, Mus. i. tab. Ixx. fig. 7 — 8. Pallas, Spicil. Zoo\. fasc. ix.
tab. iii.^^. 1.2.
Hab. Tropical America.
102
349. Phrynus reniformis, Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust, et des Ins. vii.
p. 133. Tarantula reniformis, Leach. Fabr. The Kidney-
shaped Scorpion-spider.
Fig. Pallas, Spicil. Zool. /asc. ix. tab. iii. ^g. 3. 4. Browne's Jamaica,
pi. 41. Jig. 3. Tarantula 1.
Hab. Tropical America.
349 a. Phrynus palmatus, La/r. Phalangium palmatum, 7/er6s^. The
Palmate Scorpion-spider.
Fig. Herbst, Naturg. Phalang. tab. iv. Jig. 2.f " Cette espece pourroit
bien nitre qiiune vari^t^ dujeune age de la prdcMente. Les 3^, 4^, 5*^
articles de ses palpes paroissent 4tre plus courts et plus larges, le 4^ sur-
toutr — Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust, et des Ins. vii. p. 136.
The figure in the Encycl. Meth. pi. 344. Jig. 2. represents the carpi of the
chelae too thick, and the second pair of legs too short by an inch, com-
pared with the specimen.
349 B. Phrynus medius, luatr. Phalangium medium, Herbst. The
Intermediate Scorpion-spider.
Fig. Herbst, tab. iv. Jig. 1.
A fine specimen of this species; the second pair of legs (pedes antenniformes)
measure five inches and a half, the length of the animal's body is one
inch and a quarter.
{Araneidce.)
350. Mygale avicularia, Latr. Aranea avicularia. Linn. The Ta-
rantula Spider, mas.
Fig. Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust, et des Ins. vii. pi. 62. fig. 1.
Hab. Tropical America.
On the terminal joint of the pedipalpi may be seen the tubercle and hook
turned downwards, which characterize the male of this species.
351. Mygale avicularia, fcem.
The hairs in this specimen are very long ; a circumstance, Latreille remarks,
peculiar to young individuals. The same unpleasant effects have been
ascribed to these hairs, as arq produced on the skin by those of some
caterpillars.
103
352. Mygale avicularia.
Hah. The West Indies.
353. Mygale Blondii, l.atr. ? mas.
Fig. Latr. Genera Crust, et Insect, i. pi. 5. fig. \.
Hab. Cayenne.
On a close inspection the small black spines on the legs, which distinguish
this species from the preceding, may be observed.
354. Mygale Blondii, Latr. ? foem.
In this and the preceding specimens it may be observed that the hairs have
been detached from the upper part of the body chiefly, as if rubbed off
by going out of, or retiring into, a narrow aperture.
355. Mygale nidulans, Latr. Aranea nidulans, Fahr. Aranea atra
nitida, abdomine hirto nigro, Mant. Ins. torn. i. p. 343. no. 5.
Aranea venatoria, Entom. Syst. ii. p. 408. sp. 1.
Fig. Browne, Jam. pi. 44. fig. 3. 3 b. and in Shaw's Naturalist's Miscel-
lany, XV. pi. 614, copied from the figures in Browne without any refe-
rence to plate or figure, and called Aranea venatoria. That name,
however, does not belong to the species figured, but ought to apply
only to pi. 44. fig. 2. of Browne, and to the species described in the
12th edition of the Syst. Nat, p. 1035. No. 33. which belongs to the
modern genus Thomisus of Walcknaer and Latreille.
356. Mygale nidulans, Latr.
A specimen of a lighter colour than the preceding.
356 A. Mygale nidulans and its nest.
The latter is a cylindrical tube, about six inches in length and one inch in
diameter. Its texture is like thin tissue paper ; thickened at the upper
part with additional layers of a brown colour, and adherent portions of
earth. The operculum is connected by a continuation of the outer brown
matter, and of the inner layer of silken substance over it, and presents
externally the appearance of a succession of laminae of progressively in-
creasing size, like the exterior of an oyster-shell.
Hab. Found on "Whiting sugar plantation Jamaica, and presented by
Walter Huey, Esq. M.R.C.S. March 1830.
Fig. " This sort is represented of the natural size, as well as the nest
104
{pi. 44. Jig. 3 a.) and both its valves ; which are so well contrived, and
so strongly connected, that whenever they are forced open, the native
elasticity of the ligaments that fix them restores 'em immediately to
their usual position,
" It rs most frequent in the loose rocky soils, and nestles under ground.
Its nip is very painful for many hours, and sometimes raises a fever
and deliriums ; but these are commonly eased by throwing the patient
into a moderate sweat, which is commonly done with a little warm
rum punch among the negroes, who are most subject to these acci-
dents : this puts them soon to sleep, and in a few hours they are quite
recovered." Browne s Jamaica, p. 420.
In the specimens preserved in the collection, the hinge of the operculum
manifests none of that elasticity described by Browne : if lifted up, the
operculum falls down over the mouth of the nest by its own weight
merely, and falls as readily in the contrary direction if the position of
the nest be altered.
356 B. A double Nest with valvular lids of the Nidificating Tarantula
Spider.
Mus. Brookes, Catal. p. 99. no. 21 y.
357 J. B. Dolomedes . Latr. Genera Crust, et Insect, i. p. 117.
Araaea, Linn.
Hah. India.
This specimen is about one-half the size of M. avicularia ; its legs are
armed with long slender black spines.
357 a. Dolomedes .
Same species as the preceding. The enlarged extremities of the pedipalpi,
containing the male organs of generation, denote the sex.
358. Dolomedes .
A large female specimen.
359. Dolomedes .
This specimen shows the manner in which the spiders of the genus Dolo-
medes protect and carry the egg-bag, attached under the thorax.
360. The Egg-bag of Dolomedes .
105
36"1. Dolomedes .
Of a lighter colour and a little longer than the preceding specimens.
362. Epeira Clavipes, Walknaer, Tab. des Aran. p. 54. Aranea Cla-
vipes, Fabr.
Fig. Browne, Jam. tab. 44. Jig. 4.
Hab. Jamaica.
Its web is of a yellow silk, and so strong that birds are entangled in it, and
even man is said to have some trouble to disengage himself from it.
363. Epeira Clavipes,
A female. The abdomen is laid open on one side.
364. Epeira Diadema, Walck. Aranea Diadema, Linn.
Fig. Shaw, Naturalist's Miscell. ix. pi. 308. Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust.
et des Ins. vii. tab. Ixiv. fig. 1. 2.
Hab. Europe. It is the largest and most elegant of the British species,
365. Aranea nobilis, Shaw.^
Fig. Naturalist's Miscell. ix. pi. 336, " Of this beautiful species I have
observed a specimen in the Museum of the late Mr, John Hunter. The
thorax is of an elegant orange colour spotted with black ; the abdomen
of a bright yellow, with larger deep black spots ; the legs half black
and half yellow. The specimen is preserved in spirits of wine, and was
received from Sumatra." Shaiv, ut supra.
The lower specimen in the glass appears to be a young Dolomedes. See
No, 357, &c.
366. Epeira tuberculata, Walck.
With part of its egg- bag.
367. Epeira sericea, Walck.
Fig. Hist, des Aran, fasc. 3. pi. 2.
Hab. " Elle est originaire du midi de la France, et habite aussi, a ce qu'il
parait, le Senegal." Audouin in Diet. Classique d'Hist. Nat. vi. p.20A.
S68. Epeira mammata, Walck. Aranea mammata, DeGeer.
Hab. The Antilles.
" This is not the Aranea nobilis of Fabricius SuppL Entom, Syst. p. 291.
106
369- Epeira mammata.
Two females. In the lower specimen, where the abdomen is much distended,
the eminences seem to be in consequence less prominent.
370. Epeira fasciata, Walck.
Hah. South of Europe.
370 a. Epeira .
Hab.
Donor, J. P. Vincent, Esq. 1828.
( Gammasida) .
370 b. Gammasus Gymnopterorum, K«>6?/. Acarus Gymnopterorum,
Fabr. But. Syst. iv. 432. no. 37.
Fig. DeGeer, Ins. vii. tab. vii. Jig. 9. Mite des Bourdons.
Hab. Found infesting a Humble-bee, chiefly about the head and over the
eyes, impeding its flight.
" Apis terrestris, when labouring under acariasis from the numbers of a
small mite (Gammasus Gymnopterorum) that infest it, will take its station
in an ant hill, where, beginning to scratch and kick and make a disturb-
ance, the ants immediately come out to attack it, and falling foul of the
mites, they destroy or carry them off; when the bee, thus delivered from
its enemies, takes its flight." Kirby and Spence, Introd. to Entom. ii.
p. 268.
Found at Lancing, October 1817, and presented by Mr. Clift.
370 c. Gammasus Coleoptratorum, Fair. Acarus Coleoptratorum,
Finn. Fabr. Fnt. Syst. iv. p. 432. 710. 38.
Fig. DeGeer, Ins. vii. tab. vi. ^g. 15.
Numerous specimens infesting a Cetonia, caught near Hampstead.
Donor, Mr. R, Owen.
{Acarida.)
371. Ixodes ; allied to Ixodes reduvius, LeacA. Acarus reduvius,
Finn.
Body testaceous ; head and feet rufous ; margin of the abdomen subcrenate.
Hab. Found on the skin of a Manis.
107
372. A similar but longer specimen, on the scale of a Manis.
373. Ixodes Ricinus, Leach, Linn. Trans, xi. p. 397- n. 3. Acarus
Ricinus, Linn. Dog- tick.
Hab. Europe ; adhering with tenacity to dogs. It is also called Cow-
louse, being often found on cattle.
373 A. Ixodes splendens, R. O.
I. orbiculato-planiusculus, maculis trihus mridi-ceneis post caput
in semicirculo dispositis, supra lineis punctatis ejusdem coloris
minus nitidis ; abdomine subcrenato.
This beautiful species of Tick has a semicircular mark separating as it were
the thorax and abdomen, which is composed of three distinct spots that
reflect green and orange tints with a metallic lustre : similar but less bril-
liant hues are reflected from lines which radiate to the circumference of
the body.
Length of body three lines and a half ; breadth three lines.
Had. The Sumatran Tiger ; the specimens were attached to the skin
behind the ears.
Bonor, Mr. Clift.
373 b. Ixodes splendens.
Hab. Attached to a portion of skin from the inside of the prepuce of the
Sumatran Tapir.
Donor, Mr. Clift.
373 c. Ixodes splendens.
Hab. Three specimens from the vulva and perineum of a Rhinoceros.
The lower one exhibits the colours of the preceding specimens ; the
other two, probably from having cast their skins, are of a dull brown
hue, and partly transparent. All these specimens were found on open-
ing a barrel containing skins of the above-named animals preserved in
spirits; they were, notwithstanding, firmly attached to them.
Bonor, Mr. Clift.
374. Ixodes Iguanse. Acarus Iguanae, Fabr. Forsan Acarus auratus,
Shaw, Nat. Misc. iv.
Hab. The skin of an Iguana.
p 2
108
Subclass APTERODICERA. (Ametabolia, Leach. Apterous Hexapods, Kirhy.)
Or DO PARASITA.
375. Phthirus inguinalis, Leach. Pediculus Pubis, Linn.
Fig. Redi, Exper. tab. xix. Jig. 1 . Pediculus inguinalis.
Hab. " Hospitatur in hominis immundi pube, superciliis : pellitur oleo
tabaci." Fabr.
Several hairs from the pubis, with the animal and its nits or eggs.
375 A. Many specimens of Phthirus inguinalis.
376. Nits or Ova of Phthirus inguinalis.
377. Haematopinus Suis, Leach. Pediculus Suis Scrofae, Linn. The
Swine-louse.
Fig. Leach, Zool. Miscell. iii. pi. 146.
Hab. On the Hog.
378. Nirmus Meleagridis, Leach. Pediculus Meleagridis, Linn. The
Turkey-louse.
Fig. Frisch, Ins. 8. tab. iv.f
Hab. On the Turkey.
379. Nirmus Columbae, Leach. Pediculus Columbee, Linn. The
Dove-louse.
Fig. Albin. Aran. tab. xliii. Redi, Exper. tab. n.Jig. 1 . Pulex ColumbcR.
Hab. On the Dove.
380. Nirmus Columbae. The Dove-louse.
381. Nirmus Gruis, Leach. Pediculus Gruis, Linn. The Crane-louse.
Fig. Redi, Exp. tab. iii. Pulex Gruis.
Hab. In the Crane.
Subclass ALATA.
Ordo COLEOPTERA.
(Cicindelidce.)
382. Megacephala Carolinensis, Latr. Genera Lis. i. p. 175. Cicin-
dela Carolina, Fabr.
Hab. In Carolina.
109
( Carabida.)
382 A. Thermophylla marginata, Leach. Anthia marginata, Klug.
sp. 8. p. 347.
Had. The specimen is from Abyssinia.
Donor, Henry Salt, Esq.
(Dt/tiscid(B.)
383. Hydaticiis sticticus, Leach. Dytiscus sticticus, Fabr.
Hab. Barbadoes.
383 a. Dytiscus limbatus, Fa6r. foem.
Hab. China.
Mus. Brit.
384. Larva of Dytiscus marginalis.
Fig. Roesel, Insect. Aquat. ii. tab. i. fig. 5. 6. 7.
Hab. Europe ; in fresh waters.
(Siaph^linidcB.)
385. Staphylinus olens, Fabr. The Great Rove-beetle.
Fig. Panz. Faun. Insect. Germ. ya^e. 27- fig. 1.
Hab. Europe; at the roots of trees, and under stones. The ova of this
species are remarkable for their great size.
{Buprestid(B.)
386. Buprestis gigantea, Fabr. The Great Buprestis.
Fig. Oliv. Ins, 32. pi. \. fig. 1. a. b. Merian, Insects of Surinam, tab. i.
lowest figure ; perfect insect and larva.
Hab. America and Asia.
The larva resides near the roots of plants ; and when fully grown, lies dor-
mant for some time in a small cavity beneath the surface of the earth,
where it undergoes its metamorphoses.
387. Buprestis ignita, Linn. Fabr. Flaming Buprestis.
Fig. Oliv. Ins. 32. pi. 4. fig. 33.
Hab. The East Indies.
388. Buprestis .
An elegant little specimen ; in length six lines, with four round spots on
110
each elytrum reflecting gold and green ; one situated at the base, the
second and third on a hne above the middle, the fourth a little below the
middle of the elytrum.
Hah.
389- Buprestis Chrysis, Fabr. Oliv.
Fig. Oliv. Ins. 32. pi. 2. Jig. 8. a. d. e ; and pL 6. Jig. 52. b. Shaws,
Nat. Miscell. xxiv. pi. 1060, where it is called Chestnut-shelled Indian
Buprestis : but Buprestis castanea, to which this name ought properly
to apply, has a blackish body, whereas the Buprestis Chrysis has a bril-
liant golden-green body.
Uab. India.
390. Buprestis sternicornis, Linn. Fabr.
Fig. Oliv. Ins. 32. pi. 6. Jig. 52. a.
Uab. India.
391 J. B. Buprestis duodecim-maculata, R.O.
B. atra, poUinosa ; elytris atris, macidis sex testaceis.
Length of body sixteen lines.
Body elongated, subtrihedral, tapering posteriorly, inferiorly slightly pubes-
cent, superiorly strewed over or painted, as it were, with a white powdery
substance. Head grooved down the middle between the eyes. AntenrKE,
dark at the base, of a lighter colour at the apex. Thorax black, with
testaceous sides, the anterior margin canaliculate, indented laterally, pos-
teriorly, and down the middle. Elytra black and shining, where they
are not obscured by the white powder ; bases impressed with points, from
which punctuated furrows are continued a short way down the elytra ;
sides canaliculate for about half their length ; apices unarmed : they have
each six testaceous maculae, one, namely, at the humeral angle of a cres-
cent shape, one irregularly transverse over the scutellum, the third and
fourth on the same transverse line a little before the middle of the elytra ;
the fifth, behind the middle, transverse, and extending nearly but not
quite to the suture ; the sixth also transverse, and then continued along
the margin of the elytrum to its apex. Post-pectus and feet black.
Hab. New Holland.
Ill
{ElateridcB.)
391a. Elater noctilucus, Liww. JPflZ>r. The Fire-fly.
Fig. Oliv. Coleopt. ii. 31. pi. 2. Jig. 14.
Hab. Several fine specimens from the Hooghly river, Bengal. Sent from
India by Mr. Lecos, to the
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
A strong light is thrown out from the two spots on the thorax, as well as
from two others concealed by the elytra.
" On dissecting the organs of light on the Elater noctilucus, I found that
there is a soft yellow substance, of an oval figure, lodged in the concavity
of the yellow spots of the corselet, which parts are particularly thin and
transparent in this species. This substance is so remarkably close in its
structure, that at first view it appears like an inorganic mass ; but with a
lens it is readily perceived to be composed of a great number of very
minute parts or lobules closely pressed together. Around these oval
masses the interstitial substance of the corselet is arranged in a radiated
manner, and the portion of the shell that immediately covers the irradiated
substance, is in a certain degree transparent, but less so than that which
covers the oval masses : it is therefore probable that the interstitial sub-
stance in this situation may be endowed with the property of shining."
Macartney y On Luminous Animals, Phil. Trans. 1810.
{LampyridcB.)
391b. Telephorus , Schceff. Leach. Cantharis , Linn.Fabr.
A small species, called the " Smaller Fire-fly of Bengal" by the
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
Hab. These specimens are from the coast, Bengal.
391 c. Lampyris .
A female, two-thirds of an inch in length; called the "Glow-worm of Botany
Bay" by the
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
( Clerida.)
392 J. B. Clerus fasciculatus, Schreibers. Attelabus, Liim.
Fig. Linn. Trans. pi. 20. Jig. 6.
Hab. New Holland.
112
{GeotrupidcB.)
393. Geotrupes stercorarius, Latr. Genera Insect, ii. j9.92. Scarabaeus
stercorarius, Linn. Fabr. Dimg-chafFer.
J^ig. Panz. Faun. Ins. Germ. Jasc. 49. ^g. 1.
Hab. Europe, " boring cylindrical holes beneath the dung, and flying
about in the dusk of the evening." Samouelle.
{Scarab(Rid(B Latr.)
394. Dynastes Hercules, MacL. Kirby, Linn. Trans, xiv. p. 567.
Scarabaeus Hercules, Latr. Linn. Geotrupes Hercules, Fobr.
Great Hercules Beetle.
Fig. Oliv. Entom. i. no. 3. pi. 1. fig. a. b. d. mas. pi. fig. 1. c.fcem.
Shaw, Nat. Miscell. i. pi. 34.
Hab. Tropical America.
395. Dj^nastes Hercules.
396. Dynastes Hercules.
This specimen measures six inches from the end of the thoracic horn to the
anus. See Roesel, Ins. ii. Scarab, i. tab. A., fig. 1. iv. tab. \.fig. 3.
396 a. Larva of Dynastes Hercules.
Mus. Heaviside, No. 1928.
397- Dynastes Gideon. Scarabaeus Gideon, Latr. Linn. Geotrupes
Gideon, Fabr.
Fig. Roesel, Ins. ii. Scarab, i. tab. A., fig. 5.
Hab. Sumatra.
397 a. Dynastes Pan, MacL. Scarabaeus Pan, Latr. Linn. Geo-
trupes Pan, Fabr.
Hab. India. A male and female specimen.
Donor, Mr. Chambers.
398. Dynastes ,f(Em.
Hab. Sumatra. Length of body, one inch eight lines.
399- Dynastes ^fcem.
Hab. Sumatra. Length of body, two inches.
113
400 J. B. Dynastes .
Hab. South America.
401. Oryctes Silenus, Illiger, Latr. Geotrupes Silenus, Fabr.
Hah. South of Europe. The specimen appears to be an immature or
newly excluded imago. The elytrum or wing-cover of one side is re-
moved to expose the delicate transverse-folded wing beneath.
402. Trichius .
Hab. Barbadoes.
403. Trichius viridulus, Fabr.
Fig. Oliv. Ins. i. 6. 63. 7Q.pl. 9. Jig. 86.
Hab. "In India. Mus. D. Hunter." Fabr. Entom. Syst. i. h. p. 122.
404. Cetonia aurata, J?a6r. Scarabaeus auratus, Lmw. Green Garden
Beetle or Rose-chafFer.
Fig. Shaw, Nat. Miscell. xviii./?/. 758.
Hab. Europe, " not uncommon during the hottest part of summer, fre-
quenting various plants and flowers. Its larva is commonly found in
the hollows of trees, or among the loose dry soil at their roots. It re-
mains about three years before it changes to a chrysalis," out of which
in a short time afterwards emerges the perfect insect.
405. Gymnetis nitida, MacL. Cetonia nitida, Fabr.
Fig. Oliv. Ins.pl. 2,. Jig. lQ.,pl. I.Jig. 56.
Hab. Carolina. South America.
In the same glass, below this specimen, is
Phanaeus Vindex, MacL.
Hab.
406j. B. Anoplognathus Donovani, LeacA. "New Holland Cetonia,''
Dr. Shaw. foem.
Fig. Donovan, Ins. of New Holland.
Hab. New Holland.
407. Pupa of a Scarabaeus.
408. Pupa of a Scarabaeus ; less advanced.
409. Pupa of a Scarabaeus.
114
410. Pupa of a Lamellicorn Beetle, probably a Cetonia.
411. Melolontha vulgaris, Fabr. Scarabaeus Melolontha, Linn. The
Common Cock-chafFer.
Mg. Oliv. Entom. i. 5. pL l.fig- 1.
Hab. Europe. Common on trees in May and June.
See Gallery, No. 619. Digestive canal of this species.
412. Larva of Melolontha vulgaris.
The larvae of the Cock-chafFer feed on the roots of grass and corn. The
complete insect makes its appearance towards the commencement of the
summer of the fourth year from the period of its exclusion from the
egg.
413. Melolontha vulgaris.
The larva laid open behind to show the corpus pinguosum and the intestines
distended with food.
{Lucanida.)
414. Larva of Lucanus Cervus.
The skin is dissected from one side.
415. Larva of Lucanus Cervus.
It has been taken in the act of casting its skin, part of which is removed on
one side to show the soft new-formed integument beneath. This process
of shedding the exuviae takes place in most larvae three or four times
before they enter the pupa state. For the exceptions to this rule, and
an account of the process, see Kirby and Spence, Intr. to Entom. iii.
p. 191.
416. Lucanus Cervus, Linn. Fabr. mas. Stag-Beetle.
Fig. Oliv. Entom. i. pi. \. Jig. l.a. b. c. d.
Hab. Europe ; in decayed wood.
417 J. B. Lamprima aenea, Latr. Lethrus aeneus, Fabr. Lucanus
aeneus, Schreibers. Mas, var. paulo minor, et color viridi-
ceneus cum nitore anreo pulcherrimo.
Fig. Linn. Trans, vi. tab. xix. fig. 9 — 11.
Hab. New Holland ? " A beautiful specimen of this rare and singular
species."
115
417 A. Passalus interruptus, Fabr. Latr. ? Lucanus interruptus, Linn.
Fig. DeGeer, Mem. Ins. iv. pi. 19. fig. 13.
Hab. America.
(Pimelida.)
418. Moluris striata, Latr. Pimelia striata, Fabr.
Fig. Olivier, Entom. iii. no. 59. pi. 1. fig. 11.
Hab. Africa.
419. Moluris striata.
This specimen has a round yellow spot on the middle of the ventral surface
of the abdomen.
(Helopida.)
420 J. B. Helops, Fabr. Latr.
Hab.
( Curculionida.)
421. Entimus festivus? Curculio festivus, Fabr. Entom. Syst. i. b.
p. 476 ?
Hab. Barbadoes.
Length of body one inch. Rostrum short ; thorax brown above, dotted
with white, and with white sides ; elytra white, with brown sutures and
margins, and four longitudinal brown lines, the exterior line the short-
est, the one next to it branching into two, half-way down the elytrum,
the other two of nearly equal length but not extending to the apex ;
abdomen white ; legs brown, with unarmed thighs.
422. Entimus festivus ?
The same with or allied to the preceding, but rather smaller.
423. Curculio longipes, Fabr.
Fig. Oliv. Ins. m. pi. lb. fig. 191.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.
424. Rhina barbirostris, Latr. Lixus barbirostris, Fabr. Syst. Eleut.
ii. p. 501.
Fig. Oliv. Entom. pi. iv. fig. 37 a. b.
Hab. Africa and India.
{PrionidcR.)
425. Prionus maxillosus, Fabr.
a 2
116
Fig. Drury, Ins. i. tab. xxxviii. fig. 3. Cerambyx maxillosus.
Hab. America.
426. Larva of a Prionus.
See Gallery, No. 3059. 3060. 3061. Larva and pupse of Prionus cervicor-
nis, the Stag-horned Capricorn Beetle.
427. Larva of a Prionus : o/i cervicornis ?
428. Larva of an exotic Prionus.
Length of body four inches ; of a pale yellow colour ; segments diminishing
in breadth, but increasing in length from the head to the tail.
( CerambycidcB.)
429. Lamia ^dificator, Fabr.
Hab. India.
430. Monocharaus, Megerle. Lamia, Fabr.
An immature specimen of the imago.
430 A. Stenocorus trilineatus, Fabr. Syst. Entom. 1775. p. 179. sp. 6.
Fig. Drury, Ins. i. pi. 41. fig. 1. Cerambyx trilineatus.
Hab. West Indies ; feeds on the Cocoa-nut tree.
Donor, Mr. S. Stutchbury.
430 B. Stenocorus trilineatus.
Donor, Mr. S. Stutchbury.
430 c. Macropus pictus, Leach. Thunberg. Cerambyx longimanus,
Linn. mas. Painted Capricorn Beetle.
Fig. Leach, Zool. Miscell. ii. pi. 89.
Hab. South America. The male of this species is remarkable for the
disproportionate length of the fore-legs.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart. 1813.
431 j.B. Pupa of an exotic Cerambyx {TJnn.).
432. Larva of a Cerambyx (Linn.).
433. Exotic Larva. Cerambyx, Linn.
Length of body three inches ; the first three segments with alternate bands
of brown and yellow ; bands of the same colour, but much fainter, on the
remainder.
117
( Chrysomelid(B.)
434. Megalopus , Fabr. ?
The specimen wants the head. Elytra semitransparent, margins folded in-
wards towards the apex, and covering the sides of the post-pectus, but not
embracing the abdomen ; post-pectus gibbous and projecting ; posterior
femora remarkably Incrassated, kidney-shaped, the concavities looking
inwards, and armed at their extremities with three spines ; tibia of the
same pair curved and ending in a spine. Body and thighs of a light
brown colour; tibiae and tarsi black.
435. Timarcha tenebricosa, Leach. Chrysomela tenebricosa, Fabr.
Fig. Schaef. Icon. pi. 126. fig. 1.
Hab. The plants of Southern Europe.
{Fam. dub.)
436 J. B. Larva of a Coleopterous insect.
Length of body one inch and a half. Colour a reddish brown ; smooth.
437. Coleopterous Larva ; probably of Dermestes Lardarius.
438 J. B. Larva of a Coleopterous insect in its case.
The case is composed of pieces of twigs, from half an inch to an inch in
length, cemented together by a dark-brown substance the thickness of
pasteboard ; the length of the whole case six inches, the breadth in the
middle one inch.
The larva is of a deep yellow colour, and about half the length of the case,
to which it is attached at one end by its tail, its head hanging loose in the
middle.
Hab. New Holland.
439 J. B. Larva, Pupa, and Pupa-case of a Coleopterous insect.
. The pupa-case, in length one inch and three-fourths, is oblong, rounded at
both ends, of the thickness of parchment, and of a deep brown colour,
with an irregular surface, shining and reflecting grayish silvery tints.
The larva is one inch and a half in length, and appears to be in the state
preparatory to casting its skin.
Hab. New Holland?
440 J. B. Larvae of a Coleopterous insect.
IIS
Two inches in length, black, rugose, hirsute; with an incurvated and
pointed tail.
441. Larva of a Coleopterous insect.
Clothed with short and thick reddish-brown hair, like fur.
441 A. I^arva of a Coleopterous insect.
Six inches in length, clothed with abundant long, silky, reddish-brown hairs.
Mus. Leverian. no. 4150.
442. Cell of a Coleopterous pupa.
Ordo DERMAPTERA. Kirhy.
443 J. B. Larva of Forficula gigantea.
Ordo ORTHOPTERA. Kirby^
444. Blatta americana, Juinn. Fabr. American Blatta, or Common
Cockroach.
Hab. America. It has now become naturalized in Europe.
445. Blatta orientalis, Linn. Fabr. Oriental Blatta.
Fig. Geoff. Ins. i. pL 7- Jig- 7-
See Gallery, No. 616. Digestive canal displayed.
Hab. The specimen is from Sumatra. This species is also naturalized in
Europe, and is called the Cockroach.
446. Blatta nivea, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 688. 5. Snow-white Blatta.
Fig. Drury, Ins. ii. pi. 36. ^g. 1.
Hab. America.
447. Blatta dilatata, R. 0.
ferrugineo-fusca albido-limbata, thorace explanato, supra punctis
duobus impresso.
A broad, depressed species'*. Length of body two inches ; prothorax an-
teriorly emarginate, with remarkably dilated sides ; legs reddish-brown.
Hab. New Holland. The specimen, a female, apterous.
The original order of Olivier included the preceding.
•» In Catesby's "Carolina" (ii.^Z. 10. fg. 6.) is a figure of a Blatta nearly resembling this species in
form ; but there is no appearance of a white margin in the Plate, nor any mention of it in the descrip-
tion.
119
448 J. B. Blatta dilatata.
Also a female, but not fully grown.
Hab. New Holland.
449 J. B. Blatta dilatata.
A larva, scarcely half-grown.
Hah. New Holland.
450. Blatta .
A pupa, with rudimentary elytra.
451. Larva of a Blatta.
(Afantidcp.)
451a. Phasma cornutum, Guilding. Phasma filiforme, Lichtenstein.
Mantis filiformis, Fabr. Filiform Spectre Insect.
Fig. Browne, Hist, of Jamaica, pi. 42. Jig. 5. Linn. Trans, xiv. 7-
1-10.
Uab. " Frequentissim^ in Americae mediae insularumque oppositarum
dumetis, ubi ramulos emortuos aemulat, hostesque sic decipit. Noctu
folia avid^ consumit. Ambulat motu omnino vacillanti : dum quiescit
pedes anticos capiti applicat, antennasque teneras defendit. Vitae tenax.
Succi virides vel pallidi." Jlev. L. Guilding, Linn. Trans, xiv. 138.
Neither in the specimen, nor in the figures quoted, are the first pair of legs
quite so long as the body ; fere or prope therefore should precede the
longitudine corporis of the character given by Lichtenstein ^.
Donor, Thomas Keate, Esq.
452. Phasma Ferula, Licht. Mantis Ferula, Fabr. Walking-stick
Mantis.
Fig. Roesel, Ins. ii. Gryll, tab. xix. Jig. 10.
Hab. South America. The extremities of the humeri and femora have
small spines.
» Lichtenstein, who knew only the male of this species, suspects that another Phasma, described as
a distinct species (Ph. Ramulus) may prove to be but the female. The Rev. Lansdown Guilding, of
the island of St. Vincent, has shown that the supposition is in part correct ; but he describes the
female of Phasma filiforme as identical with the Phasma cornutum of Lichtenstein (Linn. Trans, vi.
p. 10. no. 3.), and accordingly proposes to retain this as the nomen triviale of the species ; objecting
to the appellation /^i/br?ne as applicable almost alike to all the males of the apterous Phasraata, but
at variance with the form of the female of this species.
120
452 A. Phasma angulatum, Licht. Mantis angulata, Fabr.
Length of body seven inches two Hnes. Two spines on the posterior part
of the first two and the last abdominal segments ; numerous spines on the
back of the thorax.
453. Phasma angulatum ?
A specimen of equal length with the preceding, but with a much thicker
body. The spines on the dorsum of the thorax are few and small ; there
are none on the abdominal segments ; but with these differences it par-
takes, with the preceding specimens, of all the characters of Mantis an-
gulata, Fabr.
454. Phasma angulatum ? in its pupa state (or Phasma Gigas).
455. Phasma 2-spinosa. Mantis 2-spinosa, Fabr. Syst. Entom. 1775.
p. 274. 11. 4.
Mus. Dom. Hunter.
Very probably the identical specimen described by the great entomologist,
although the characters " Caput viride, thorax viridis, dorso Jlavescente,
elytra viridia margine exteriori flavo, ala rufescentes, margine exteriori
viridi" are now, after fifty years maceration, lost, and the colours have
sunk into a dull uniform brown.
456. Larva of Phasma Gigas.
457. Larva of Phasma lateralis, Licht. Mantis lateralis, Fabr.
Fig. Stoll, Mant. tab. x. Jig. 36. 37-
Hab. Brasil.
457 a. Phyllium brevicorne, La^r. Mantis siccifolia, Li/^^i. The Short-
horned Walking-leaf Insect.
Fig. Donovan, Hist, of the Insects of India, fasc. 8. pi. 3.^
Mus. Brookes. See Catal. no. 27 y.
458. Mantis precaria, Fabr. Entom. Syst. 2. p. 20. no. 32. Lichtenstein,
Linn. Trans, vi. p. 26. 7io. 19.
* The figure given by Dr. Shaw in the Naturalist's Miscellany, iv. pi. 119. is not the Mantis sic-
cifolia of Linnaeus (Mus. Lud. Ulric. p. iii.), unless the shortness of the antennae be a sexual variety
merely, but is the insect which Lichtenstein has described in the Linnaean Transactions, vi. p. 17,
(Phasma citrifolium,) figured in Roesel, Locusta Indica, tab. xvii., and distinguished from the preceding
species by its setaceous elongated antennae.
121
Fig. Stoll, Mant. pL 17 . Jig. 62.
Hab. America. The colour has nearly disappeared from this specimen,
and the spirit, viewed against a white surface, has a slight green tinge ;
the single ferruginous spot on each elytrum remains.
458 a. Mantis precaria.
Hab. Demerara. A more recent specimen, with the colours consequently
more perfect.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
459 J. B. Mantis quadrimaculata, R. O.
Length of body four inches and a half. Antennae setaceous, half the length
of the thorax ; eyes prominent, unarmed ; thorax trihedral, serrate late-
rally, for a short distance from the head ; elytra and wings of equal length,
extending little more than halfway down the abdomen, the former marked
with two dark spots ; colour (lost in the specimen by long maceration in
spirits).
Hab. New South Wales.
460. Mantis Simulacrum, Fabr. Licht.
Fig. Stoll, Mant. tab. xii. ^g.. 49.
Hab. India.
461. Mantis oratoria, Fabr. Ent. St/st. 2. p. 20. 7i. 31. ? Licht. in Linn.
Trans, iv. p. 28. n. 26. mas.
Hab. Throughout the torrid and temperate zones.
462. Mantis .
Allied to Mantis oratoria ; but the colours have disappeared.
463. Mantis .
To which Dr. Shaw has given the synonym filiformis of Fabricius, which is
a Phasma with unarmed cubitus, whereas this is a true Mantis with the
spined cubitus, differing however from the Mantis Filum of Lichtenstein
in having wings.
{Achetid(B.)
463 a. Gryllotalpa vulgaris, La^r. Acheta Gryllotalpa, F«/>r. Gryllus
Gryllotalpa, Linn. The Mole-cricket.
Fig. Fanz. Faun. Insect. Germ. fasc. 88. tab. 5.
Hab. Europe : burrowing in the soil of gardens and cultivated places.
R
122
"When, in these situations, the young plants are observed to droop and
die without any obvious cause, they may be found, on carefully remo-
ving them from the soil, to have had their roots divided. This act of
the Mole-cricket renders it a great pest to gardens ; but there is some
doubt whether the roots of plants constitute its food, or are only detached
when they happen to obstruct its route in search of worms or insects.
For the means of destroying it see " Nouveau Diet. d'Hist. Nat., art. Cour-
tiliere.
Donor, Mr. Clift.
464. Gryllotalpa vulgaris, mas.
One wing is expanded.
464 a. Gryllotalpa vulgaris, mas.
Donor, I. P. Vincent, Esq.
465. Gryllotalpa vulgaris.
A female impregnated. The ova are deposited in June and July in round
cavities, six or seven inches below the surface of the ground.
466. Pupa of Gryllotalpa vulgaris.
466 a. Acheta domestica, Tahv. House-cricket.
Fig. Panz. Faun. Ins. Germ.y«je. 88.pl. 6. mas.
Hab. Europe, in houses, generally in the neighbourhood of the kitchen
chimney. The note of the Cricket proceeds from the male only, and is
produced by rapid friction of the elytra ; — like the tick of the Death-
watch {Anohium, F.), it is indicative of sexual propensities.
Donor, Sir Wm. Blizard, 1818.
467. Acheta domestica.
A female impregnated. Observe the length of the ovipositor.
Fig. Panz. Faun. Ins. (j&cm.fasc. 88.pl. 7-
468 J. B. Pupa of an Acheta, affinis domestica.
469. Gryllus monstruosus, Drury, Latr. Acheta monstruosa, Fahr.
Fig. Drury, Ins. i\. pi. A^.Jig. 1. 2.
470. Gryllus monstruosus.
The elytra unfolded to show their length.
123
471. Gryllus monstmosus.
A specimen of a lighter colour than the preceding,
472. Larva of Gryllus monstruosus.
The trophi or instrumenta cibaria are displayed in this specimen.
473. Larva of a Gryllus : an monstruosus ?
474. Larva of a Gryllus, affinis pracedenti, fmm.
{Acndidce.)
475. Acrida viridissima, Kirby. Locusta viridissima, Fah\ Latr.
Fig. Roesel, Insect, ii. tab. x. xi.
Hab. Europe.
476. Acrida^ femorata. Locusta femorata, Fahr.
Fig. Stoll, Saulerelles a Sabr. tab. vi. ^- Jig. 11. p. 16. Sauterelle a larges
misses.
Hab. Tranquebar, Stoll ; the specimen is from Sumatra. The crenate
membranaceous margins of the femora are ciliate.
477. Acrida reticulata. Locusta reticulata, Fabr.
Front part of the head granulate, vertex acuminate, occiput rounded,
smooth ; prothorax granulate above ; the ovipositor, being an inch in
length, does not seem to accord with the term "ensis brevis" of Fabri-
cius ; but, this circumstance excepted, the other characters of the speci-
men agree with those of Locusta reticulata, Fabr. Entom. Syst. ii. p. 40.
sp. 28.
Hab. Guadaloupe.
478. Pterophylla myrtifolia, Kirby. Locusta myrtifolia, Fabr.
Fig. Drury, Ins. ii. pi. A\. fig. 2.
Hab. America.
479- Pterophylla myrtifolia.
480. Pupa of an Acrida, Kirby.
481. Truxalis nasutus, Fabr. Gryllus nasutus, Linn.
Fig. Roesel, Locusta Indica, Praef. tab. iv.
Hab. Sumatra.
* See Zool. Journal, i. p. 429.
R 2
124
482. Truxalis nasutus.
483 J. B. Truxalis brevicornis, Fahr.1 Gryllus brevicornis, Linn.
Amcen. Acad. vi. p. 398. n. 37.
Fig. DeGeer, Ins. iii. tab. 14. Jig. 7 • Acridium ensicorne.
Hab. Tropical America.
484 J. B. Truxalis brevicornis, Fahr.1
{Locustid(B.)
484 Av Locusta migratoria, Kirhy. Acridium emigratorium, Latr.
Gryllus migratorius, Linn. Fabr. Migratory Locust.
Fig. Roesel, Ins. Gryll. tab. xxiv.
Hab. " In Tartaria, inde migrans variis annis in Europam, destruens ve-
getabilia omnia." Fabr. Stragglers have reached our own coasts, but,
happily, they are rare visitors.
Donor, Henry Salt, Esq. 1811.
484 B. Locusta migratoria.
A larger specimen.
Donor, Henry Salt, Esq. 1811.
485. Pupa of Locusta migratoria.
The oral organs displayed.
486. Larva of Locusta morbillosa. Gryllus morbillosus. Linn. Fabr.
487. Larva of Locusta morbillosa, a little more advanced.
488. Pupa of a large Locusta.
489- Locusta morbillosa.
Fig. Roesel, Locusta Indica, tab. xviii. Jig. 6.
Hab. Sierra Leone.
490. Locusta microptera. Acridium micropterum, Latr. Short-
winged Locust.
Fig. Palis. Beauv. Insect d'Amer. et d'Afric. Orthopt. tab. iv. ^g. 4.
Hab. Southern provinces of the United States.
490a. Locusta Dux, Kirby. Acridium Dux, Latr.
Fig. Drury, Ins. ii. pi. 44.
I
125
Hah, Tropical America.
Donor, Sir William Blizard, 1811.
490b. Locusta serrata. Acridium serratum, Oliv. The Saw-crested
Locust.
Hah. Abyssinia.
Donor, Henry Salt, Esq.
Ordo HEMIPTERA.
{Cimicida.)
491 J.B. Pentatoma Capensis, Oliv. Cimex valgus, Fabr. Syst. Ent.
p. 708. n. 54.
Fig. Encycl. Method. Ins. pi. 124. Jg. 1.
Hah. Cape of Good Hope.
492. Pentatoma femoratum, Oliv. Cimex femoratus, Fabr. Syst. Ent.
p. 708. n. 55.
Hah. India.
493 J.B. Reduvius regalis, Latr. Cimex regalis, Fabr. Syst. Ent.
p. 697. n. 3.
Hah. New Holland.
494. Reduvius serratus, Fabr. Cimex cristatus, Linn.
Fig. Drury, Ins. ii. pi. 36. ^g. 6. Cimex carinaius. Roemer, Genera In-
sect, tab. X. Jig. 12.
Hab. Tropical America.
[Cicadiadcp.)
494 a. Cicada plebeia, Xiww. The Common Cicada.
Fig. Shaw, Nat. Miscell. iii. pi. 10.
Hab. Warmer parts of Europe.
Donor, Mr. R. Owen.
495 J.B. Cicada Australasiee, Donovan.
Fig. Don. Ins. of New Holland.
Hab. New Holland.
496 J.B. Cicada Australasise.
This is the species noticed by Dr. Shaw in the General Zoology (vi. part i.
126
p. 152.), and called Cicada viridis, a name which had already been applied
by Fabricius to another species, a native of Europe.
These insects have been noted in almost every age for the loud tones which
they emit ; the organ of sound is peculiar to the male. See Kirby and
Spence, Introd. to Entom. ii. p. 405.
497. Cicada septendecim, Oliv. Tettigonia septendecim, Tahr. Se-
venteen-years Cicada.
Fig. Phil. Trans, liv. p. 65. tab. viii.
498. Cicada septendecim ; ma8 et fodm.
Hab. " Is seen annually in Pennsylvania ; and at certain periods, of four-
teen or fifteen years distance, they come forth in such great swarms,
that the people have given them the name of Locusts." Collinson in
Phil. Trans, liv. Kahn remarks {Acta Holm. 1756.), that the periods
of their great abundance occur at intervals of seventeen years ; from
which circumstance the trivial name is derived.
499- Pupa of the Cicada septendecim.
" About the latter end of April these Cicadae come near the surface : this is
known by the hogs routing after them. They creep out of the ground,
near the roots of trees, in such numbers, that in some places the earth is
so full of holes, it is like a honey-comb. Their first appearance is an
hexapode (an ill-shapen grub) with six feet. This is their middle or
nymph state ; they creep up everything near them, and fix their claws
fast on the shrubs and bark of trees : then the skin on its back bursts
open, and the fly comes forth, disengaging itself by degrees, leaving the
case or exuviae behind in the exact shape in which it was before occu-
pied." Collinson in Phil. Trans, liv. p. 65.
500. Pupa of Cicada splendidula, Oliv.
501. Fulgora candelaria. Linn. Fabr.
Fig. Roesel, Ins. ii. tab. xxx. ^g. 1. 2. 3.
Lfab. China.
501a. Fulgora lanternaria, Linn. The Lanthorn Fly.
Fig. Roesel, Ins. ii. tab. xxviii. xxix.
Hab. The Tropics.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
127
Ordo NEUROPTERA.
{LibellulidiB.)
502. Libelliila , Li7in. Fahr.
Fig. Reaumur, Mem. Ins. tab. vi. pi. xxxv. Jig. 2.
Hab. Europe.
503. Larva of a Libellula.
(See the description of the extraordinary conformation of the mouth of
these larvae in Kirby and Spence, Introd. to Entom. iii. p. 126.)
504. Agrion Virgo, Fahr. Libellula Virgo, hinn.
Fig. Roesel* and Panzer^ have each figured varieties of this species^ but
the loss of colour in the specimen precludes a reference.
Hab. Indigenous.
(^EphemeridcB.)
504 a. Ephemera vulgata, Linn. Fahr.
Fig. DeGeer, Mem. Ins. ii. pi. 16. Jig. 1. Ephemera vulgata, cauda tri-
seta, alis nebuloso-maculatis .
Hab. Throughout Europe, near rivers and pools. The specimens were
collected in Hampshire.
• Donor, "William Long, Esq.
[MyrnieleonidcB.)
505. Myrmeleon formicarium, Linn. Ant-Lion.
Fig. Reaumur, M^m. Insect, vi. tab. xxxiv. Jig. 7-
Hab. Europe.
The singular habits of the larvae of this species have attracted peculiar
notice. See Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust, et des Ins. xiii. p. 23. Kirby
and Spence, Introd. to Entom. i. p. 425.
{Hemerobid(B.)
505 a. Termes fatale, Linn." Fabr.
^ Ins. ii. Aquat. tab. ix.Jig. 7. Var. a. Latr.
Ditto Jig. 6. Var. c. Latr.
Ditto Jig. 5. Var. d. Latr.
«> Faun. Ins. Germ. fasc. 79. pi. 18. Var. b. Latr.
Termes fatale of Linnaeus includes many distinct species. See Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins. iii.
p. 203.
128
Numerous fine specimens of Termites, from Africa, with the wings perfect.
Donor, Mr. Clift.
506. Termes fatale.
A female ; the two lower wings have fallen off, and lie at the bottom of
the bottle.
507. Termes fatale.
A female taken after the fall of the wings ; these are acquired a short time
previous to the development of the reproductive energy, and fall off soon
after.
508. Termes fatale.
In a similar state, the abdomen beginning to enlarge,
509- Termes fatale.
A female impregnated.
509 A. Termes fatale.
A female with the abdomen in a full state of distension. The dispropor-
tionate size of this part is very remarkable. The ovaries unravelled
may be seen in the Gallery, No. 2864.
Donor, B. Clifton Henderson, Esq. M.D.
510. Termes.
Three specimens of a species distinct from the preceding : to one of these
some young ones are attached.
See the history of these singular insects in Phil. Trans. 1/81. by Mr.
Smeathman, and a comprehensive account drawn from that and other
sources in Kirby and Spence, Introd. to Entom. ii. p. 32.
Ordo hymen OPTERA.
(^Evaniada.)
511. Yjvama, affinis J ppendigastrcE.
Black with ferruginous petiolate abdomen, and very long hind legs.
Hab. The specimens are from Barbadoes.
( Ichneumonida. )
512. A group of small Ichneumons, (Cynips, Geoffvoy.)
129
( CynipsidcE.)
513. An Oak-leaf with twelve galls or nidi of Cynips Quercus folii,
Linn. Fabr. Latr. Diplolepis Quercus folii, Geoffroy, ii.
pi. 15. Jig. 2.
Some of the galls are opened and the ova exposed. The singular mecha-
nism of the ovipositor, by which the female insinuates her eggs under
the coverings of plants, is described by Reaumur, M^m. sur les Insecies,
iii. p. 483. pi. 46 & 55.
These appearances in vegetables, and the cells produced in the hides of
cattle by the lodgment of the larvae of CEstri, were often adduced by Hun-
ter ,to illustrate his opinions on the nature of the inflammatory processes
which follow the introduction of foreign bodies into a living organism,
according to the possession or want of the vital principle in those bodies.
See On the Blood, ^c. p. 208.
"With respect to the galls of vegetables. Hunter, after describing No. 60. 61.
Morbid Series, said : " A similar power is observable in vegetables. Here
is an oak-leaf which I picked up in my garden : you observe on it seven
or eight protuberances exactly circular and uniform. These have been
formed by the insertion of the eggs of an insect into the leaf, and I can-
not but think that the process would have been very different, if it had
been any substance not possessed of the living principle which had been
thus inserted." Parkinsons MSS. Notes, i. p. 122.
( ChrysidcB.)
514. Stilbum splendidum, Latr. Chrysis splendida, Fahr.
Fig. Donovan's Insects of India.
Hab. New Holland, Tranquebar.
{FormicidcB.)
515. Formica , Fahr.
A group of some small species of Ant, probably British.
(SphegidcB.)
516. Pepsis, Latr. Fabr.
Hab. Sumatra.
30
517- Sphex, Fabr.
Hab. —
518. Spliex, Fabr.
Hab.
{Scoliad(B.)
519. Scolia ciliata, Fabr.
Hab. Spain.
i^BembecidcB.)
520. Stizus speciosus, Latr.
Hub.
Mus. Brit.
( VespidfB.)
520 a. Eumenes petiolata, Latr. Vespa petiolata, Fabr.
Hab. Malabar.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
520 b. Eumenes conica, Latr. Vespa conica, Fabr.
Hab. China.
This and the preceding specimen are marked " From" New South Wales. '
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
521. Vespa cincta, Fabr. Latr.
Fig. Sulz. Hist. Ins. tab. xxvii. Jig. 5.f
Hab. Tranquebar ; the specimen is from Smnatra.
522. Vespa affinis, Fabr. Latr.
Hab. This specimen is also from Sumatra.
523. Vespa Crabro, Linn. Fabr. The Hornet.
Hab. Europe.
524. Vespa Crabro ; two females.
525. Vespa vulgaris, Fabr. The Common Wasp.
Hab. Europe.
See Gallery, No. 2353. 2354. Male wasp, and male organs of generation.
No. 2920. 2921. Queen wasp, and oviducts.
131
.526. Vespa media, Oliv. EncycL MSth. Insect, vi. p. 679. no. 48.
Fig. DeGeer, Mem. Ins. ii. pt. 2. pi. 27. fg. 2. 3. 4.
Hab. Europe. Suspends its nest beneath the eaves of dwelUngs.
527. A small species of Vespa.
{Apida.)
528. Xylocopa latipes, Latr. Apis latipes, Linn. The Broad-legged
Carpenter-bee.
Fig. Drury, Ins. ii. pi. 48. Jig. 2.
Hab. China and the East Indies ; the specimen is from Sumatra.
See Ga/Zery, No. 2595. Xylocopa violacea, a female ; the oviducts exposed.
529. Xylocopa Brasilianorum, Latr. Brasil Carpenter-bee.
See Gallery, No. 2349. A fine male of this species ; the male organs dis-
sected.
530. Megachile centuncularis, Latr. Apis centuncularis, Linn. The
Leaf-bee.
Fig. Reaum. Ins. vi. pi. \Q.fig. 2. 3. 4. 5. Abeilles coupeuses des feuilles.
Hab. Europe. The under part of the abdomen being thickly set with
short yellow hairs, enables it the better to gather and transport the
pollen of flowers.
531. Megachile centuncularis. fmm.
The species of Xylocopa are solitary bees, and have no neuters or modified
females called labourers. In genus Megachile the male serves for fecun-
dation only, while the business of nidification and providing for the larvae
is performed by a solitary female. The nest she makes is a small cylin-
drical cavity excavated in the soil, or in decayed wood, and lined by pieces
of leaf (generally the rose- or strawberry-leaf) of an oval shape ; an egg
and a quantity of farina being deposited here, they are covered by other
portions of leaves, which form the floor of another cell, and so the pro-
cess is repeated four or five times.
532. Megachile Campanularum, Latr. Apis Campanularum, Kirby.
The Leaf-bee or Leaf-cutter.
Hab. Common in Europe.
A male ; mandibles bidentate.
s 2
132
533. Anthophora Acervorum, Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust, et des Ins. xiv.
p. 45.?
Fig. Panz. Faun. Ins. Germ. /asc. 78. pi. 18.
534. Bombus terrestris, Latr. Fabr. Apis terrestris, Linn. The
Humble-bee. Two males.
Fig. Linn. Trans, vi. pi. 25. Jig. 8. mas.
Hab. Common in Europe.
535. Bombus terrestris.
Males, having nearly completed their pupa state.
536. Bombus terrestris. Queen Humble-bee.
Fig. Linn. Trans, vi. pi. 25. fig. 7.
See Gallery^ No. 2884. Young Queen Humble-bee ; the female organs ex-
posed.
537. Bombus terrestris. Labourers.
Fig. Linn. Trans, vi. pi. 25. fig. 9.
The glass contains also Bombus Hortorum, and an Apis.
538. Bombus terrestris.
Group of the larvae in oval cases ; one laid open exhibiting its inha-
bitant.
The Humble-bee deposits its ova in the cells of a subterranean habitation,
commonly to be found in meadows or hedge-rows.
See M. Huber in Linn. Trans, vi. p. 214 ; and Kirby and Spence, Intr. to
Entom. i. p. 498.
539. Bombus terrestris.
Two groups of nidi ; some are laid open to expose their contents : a num-
ber of larvae lie at the bottom of the glass, in various stages of growth.
540. Nidi of Humble-bees.
Fig. Linn. Trans, vi. tab. 27. The undermost cells are those first formed.
541. Cells with larvoe of Humble-bees.
542. Irregular Alveolae, hexagonal, pentagonal, quadrilateral, and tri-
angular, forming part of the nest of some social hymenopte-
rous insect.
133
543. Apis mellifica, Li7in. Geoff. Fabr. The Hive-bee : mas, Drone.
Fig. Swammerdam, Bibl. Nat. /«6.xvii.^^.4. Reaumur, Ins. v. ^a^.xxii.
Hab. Europe. Occasionally found wild, constructing its nest in hollow
trees.
See Gallery, No. 2336. Penis of the male bee ; No. 2335. 2337. 2340.
Testes, &c. " The male bee is considerably larger than the labourers ;
he is even larger than the queen, although not so long when she is in
her full state with eggs : he is considerably thicker than either, but not
longer in the same proportion : he does not terminate at the anus in so
sharp a point ; and the opening between the two last scales of the back
and belly is larger, and more under the body, than in the female. His
proboscis is much shorter than that of the labouring bee. — He has no
sting." Hunter, Obs. on Bees, Phil. Trans. 1792. p. 173.
543 a. Apis mellifica, /cB/7z. The Queen-bee.
Fig. Swammerdam, Bibl. Nat. tab. nvii. Jig. 3. Reaumur, Ins. v. tab. xxii.
See Gallery, No. 2889. Oviducts of the queen-bee ; and 2887. the same
parts fully impregnated.
Below this specimen, and in the same glass, is
Apis mellifica, operaria, Labourer, or Female Non-breeder. J. H.
Phil. Trans. 1792. p. 139.
Fig. Swammerdam, Bibl. Nat. tab.xvn.^g. I. Reaumur, Ins. v. tab. xxii.
fig.l.
" The queen, the mother of all, in whatever way produced, is a true female,
and diflPerent from both the labourers and the male. She is not so large
in the trunk as the male, and appears to be rather larger in every part
than the labourers. The tongue of the female is considerably shorter
than that of the labouring bee, more like that of the male : however, the
tongues of the labourers are not in all of an equal length, but none have
it so short as the queen.
" The size of the belly of the female varies very considerably ; she is of a
different size and shape in the summer to what she is in the winter ; and
in the winter she has what may be called her natural size and shape : she
is upon the whole rather thicker than the labourer ; and this thickness
is also in the belly, which probably arises from the circumstance of the
oviduct being in the winter pretty large, and the reservoir for semen full.
134
The termination of the belly is rather more peaked than in the labour-
ers, the last scale being rather narrower from side to side, and coming
more to a point at the anus. The scales at this season are more over-
lapped, which can only be known by drawing them out. In the spring
and summer she is more easily distinguished: the belly is not only thicker,
but considerably longer than formerly, which arises from the increase of
the eggs. We distinguish a queen from the working-bee simply by size,
and in some degree by colour ; but this last is not so easily ascertained,
because the difference in the colour is not so remarkable in the back, and
the only view we can commonly get of her is on this part ; but when a
hive is killed, the best way is to collect all the bees and spread them on
white paper, or put them into water in a broad, flat-bottomed, shallow,
white dish, in which they swim ; and by looking at them singly she may
be discovered. As the queen breeds the first year she is produced, and
the oviducts never entirely subside, an old queen is probably thicker than
a new-bred one, unless indeed the oviducts and the eggs form in the
chrysalis state, as in the silk-worm, which I should suppose they did.
The queen is perhaps of the smallest size just as she has done breeding,
for as she is to lay eggs by the month of March, she must begin early
to fill again ; but I believe her oviducts are never emptied, having at all
times eggs in them, although but small. She has fat in her belly similar
to the other bees. The queen has a sting similar to the working-bee."
Hunter, ut supra, p. 169. I70.
Donor, Sir "William Blizard.
544. Apis mellifica, operaria. A Wax-making Labourer.
The wax is secreted in small cells beneath the ventral segments, through
the membrane of which it transpires. The specimen exhibits the arrange-
ment of six scales of wax on the abdomen. According to Huber there
are two kinds of labourers ; nursers, which remain in the hive and tend
to and feed the young ; and wax-makers, which go abroad and collect
materials for the habitation and support of the community.
545. Trigona, I^atr. Apis, ^ahr.
A group of this genus with very brilliant colours resembling the Chrysidae.
Hab.
545 a. Trigona, Lair. Apis, ¥ahr.
Hab. Four specimens of a very small species from New South Wales.
135
Ordo LEPIDOPTERA.
{PapilionidcB.)
546. Pontia Crataegi, Fahr. Pieris Crataegi, Latr. Papilio Crataegi,
Linn. The Black-veined White Butterfly.
Hab. Europe. " In England it is found in the woods near London ; its
larva feeds on the white-thorn." Samouelle, Entomologist's Useful
Companion, p. 236,
547. Pupa of Papilio Chrysippus, with the immature or newly excluded
imago.
548. Papilio.
A smooth larva, one inch and two-thirds in length. Each segment has a
black band, as in Papilio Machaon (Swallow-tailed Butterfly) ; but if it
belong to that species, it has lost its original green colour.
549. Papilio.
A smooth larva, three inches and a half in length, with two small (or re-
tracted) occipital spines, and two long and ciliated caudal spines, allied
to the larva figured in Plate 32 of Merian's Insects of Surinam (Satyrus
Cassiae).
550. Papilio?
An exotic smooth larva, four inches long ; original colour probably lost ;
prolegs cuneiform, the edges ciliated.
551. Papilio?
A very remarkable and beautiful exotic larva. It is four inches in length,
of a pale ferruginous colour, studded with numerous pearl-coloured iri-
descent specks ; with a row of short spines, of the same colour with the
body, across each segment.
552. A larva of the same species ; colour rather deeper.
See Gallery, No. 1302. where this species has been selected for the display
of the nervous system.
{Sphingid<E.)
553. Sphinx , Fahr.
An imperfect specimen of the imago.
136
553 a. Acherontia Atropos. Sphinx Atropos, Fabr. Death's-head
Moth.
Fig. Roesel, Ins. iii. tab. i. 1.
Hab. The specimen is from Downpatrick, County Down, Ireland. " An
unusual number of these insects were observed in various parts of En-
gland and Ireland this season: (October 18th, 1825.)" Note with the
specimen.
Donor, Robert Moore, Esq.
553 B. Pupa of Acherontia Atropos.
Mus. Brookes. Catal. p. 99. no. 2 y.
554. Larva of Smerinthus ocellatus, Latr. Sphinx ocellata, Linn.
Eyed Hawk-moth.
555. Larva of Deilephila Euphorbiae, Oc/«5. Sphinx Euphorbiee, Lmw.
The Spotted Elephant of Collectors.
556. Larva of Deilephila Euphorbiae.
557. Larva of Sphinx CEnotherae.
Fig. Merian, Insects of Surinam, pi. 34.
It is remarkable for bearing, in the place of the anal horn, a " callous eye-
like plate."
558. Sphinx?
Larva with a remarkably conical-shaped head. .
559 J. B. Sphinx?
Larva, allied to the preceding specimen, in the act of casting its skin.
560. Sphinx?
A small larva, having just cast its skin.
561 J. B. Larva Sphingis.
Fig. Shaw, Nat. Miscell. xiv. pi. 578.
The skin of this larva is thickly covered with small pointed processes, but
it is more remarkable for " the singular appearance of the tail or ter-
minal joint of the body, which is so formed as to bear a striking resem-
blance to a formidable head, with a wide mouth and black prominent
eyes." Shaw, ut supra.
The specimen is suspended with the head downwards.
137
562 J. B. Sphinx?
Larva of a very deep green colour, of the same species as the preceding.
563 J. B. Sphinx?
Larva of the same species, apparently soon after a moult ; it has lost the
lateral black tubercles from the anal segment.
564 J. B. Sphinx?
Larva, probably the same species as the preceding.
565. Sphinx?
Larva, four inches and a half long, of a pale yellow colour, and with a short
anal horn.
566. Sphinx?
An exotic larva, allied to the preceding ; the skin is beginning to separate
from the anterior part of the body.
567. Sphinx?
A large exotic larva, apparently undergoing one of its latest moultings.
568. A small Larva of a Sphinx or Bombyx.
569- A small Larva of a Sphinx or Bombyx.
{Bombycid(B.)
570. Bombyx, Fabr.
Hab. .
571. Bombyx Mori, Fahr. Latr. Phalaena Mori, Linn. The Silk-
v^rorm Moth.
Fig. Reaum., Ins. ii. tab. v. fig. 2.
Hab. " In moro Chinae. Tempore Imperatoris Justiniani primo in Eu-
ropa introducta." Fabr. Syst. Entom. p. 567-
572. Larva of Bombyx Mori.
573. Bombyx Mori.
Larva, with the skin dissected oiF one side.
574. Larva of Cerura Vinula, Leach. Bombyx Vinula, Latr. Phalaena
Vinula, Geoff. The Puss-moth.
T
138
" The insect lately mentioned, the Puss-moth, — is remarkable for its singular
forked tail, entirely dissimilar to the anal termination of the abdomen of
most other caterpillars. This tail is composed of two long cylindrical
tubes, moveable at their base, and beset with a great number of short stiff
spines. When the animal walks, the two branches of the tail are sepa-
rated from each other, and at every step are lowered so as to touch the
plane of position ; hence we may conclude that they assist it in this
motion, and supply the place of hind legs. If you touch or otherwise
incommode it, from each of the above branches there issues a long, cylin-
drical, slender, fleshy, and very flexible organ of a rose colour, to which
the caterpillar can give every imaginable curve or inflexion, causing it
sometimes to assume even a spiral form. It enters the tube, or issues
from it, in the same manner as the horns of snails or slugs. These tails
form a kind of double whip ; the tubes represent the handle, and the
horns the thong or lash, with which the animal drives away the ichneu-
mons and flies that attempt to settle upon it. Touch any part of the body,
and immediately one or both the horns will appear and be extended, and
the animal will, as it were, lash the spot where it feels that you incom-
mode it. DeGeer (i. 322.), from whom this account is taken, says,
that this caterpillar will bite very sharply." Kirhy and Spence, Intr. to
Eniom. ii. p. 252.
575. J. B. Bombyx?
A small Larva, with four elongated pointed processes at the caudal extremity,
and the first pair of legs produced in a similar form ; besides which there
is a row of fleshy processes on each side of the body.
576. Larva of a Bombyx.
577. Bombyx?
A small tuberculated and hairy Larva.
578. Bombyx?
Small hairy Larvae.
579. Bombyx?
Small hairy Larvae of another species.
580. Bombyx?
A small hairy Larva.
139
581. Bombyx?
Larva, with reddish-brown hairs set upon tubercles alternately nearer the
anterior and posterior margin of each segment, as in Arctia ocularia.
See Kirby and Spence, Intr. to Entom. iii. p.\7h.
582. Bombyx?
A small white Larva, with short white hairs, arranged as in the preceding
specimen, but less thickly set.
583.
An exotic Larva, three inches long, of a dun colour, and remarkable for
short white bristles, which project in a radiated manner from a central
stem ; each segment bearing a transverse row of these fasciculi.
584.
A similar specimen, in which, as in the preceding, it may be observed that
the hairs or bristles are most thickly set on the two extremities of the
larva.
585.
A small Larva, with a transverse row of small spines on each segment.
585a.
A singular thick-bodied Larva, two inches and a half in length, of a light
brown colour. Each segment bears six short dermal appendages arranged
at equal distances, so as to form as many longitudinal rows ; the inter-
mediate ones on the three first and last segments terminate in tubercles
beset with short black spines ; the inferior ones are so long as to touch
the plane of position and terminate in a single black spine, probably
serving as supporters ; all the others have one or two short black spines ;
the occiput has a transverse row of tubercles.
586.
A dark brown Larva, two inches two-thirds long ; on each segment (except
the last, which has four, and the first, which has none,) there are six short
spines. On the second and third segments they are of the same colour
as the body ; the rest are white.
587.
A Larva allied to the preceding, but larger, and with longer spines.
t2
140
587 a.
A brown Larva, four inches in length, with long white spines arranged as in
the preceding specimen.
Donor, Thomas Keate, Esq.
588. Larva of Bombyx regalis, Fahr.
Fig. Catesby, Nat. Hist, of Carolina, ii. pL 94. Eruca maxima cornuta.
Hah. Southern provinces of the United States.
On each segment there is a transverse row of spines, or spine-bearing
processes ; those of the second and third segments are remarkable for
their length and formidable aspect ; the rest are very short.
The Larva which is dissected for the lateral muscles. Gallery, No. 56, is of
this species.
589. Bombyx regalis.
A similar specimen of the Larva, but of a lighter colour.
" The Giant Caterpillar of a large North-American Moth (Bombyx regalis, F.)
is armed behind the head and at the back of the anterior segments with
seven or eight strong curved spines from half to three-fourths of an inch
in length. Mr. Abbott tells us that this caterpillar is called in Virginia
the Hickory -horned Devil, and that when disturbed it draws up its head,
shaking and striking it from side to side ; which attitude gives it so for-
midable an aspect, that no one, he affirpis, will venture to handle it, people
in general dreading it as much as a rattle-snake. When, to convince the
Negroes that it was harmless, he himself took hold of this animal in their
presence, they used to reply that it could not sting him, but would them."
Kirhy and Spence, Intr. to Entom. ii. p, 238.
590.
A Larva, smaller than the preceding, with a transverse row of very short
spines on each segment ; but the intermediate ones on the second and
third are longer than the rest.
590 a.
A brown papilionaceous Larva from Demerara, five inches in length, bear-
ing on each segment six or eight spines or stems, from half an inch to an
inch in length, set round with smaller spines going olF at acute angles.
The spines on the extremities are the largest, and incline towards the
centre of the body ; the segments, which bear eight of these arborescent
141
appendages, are those which have no prolegs% viz. the fourth, fifth, tenth
and eleventh, the additional two being situated on the ventral aspect of
each of these segments in a situation analogous to that of the legs. The
general aspect of this singular caterpillar is that of a minute pine-forest.
Donor, Thomas Keate, Esq.
591.
A Larva, smaller than, but apparently of the same species with, the preceding.
The spines are most luxuriant on the anterior segments. Somewhat simi-
lar larvae are figured in Merians Ins. Sur. pi. 25. 43.
591 A.
A singularly beautiful white Larva from Ceylon, two inches in length ; every
segment, but the first and last, bears on its dorso-lateral aspects a spine or
stem half an inch long, with a fringe of white shining hairs on each side.
Donor, Dr. John Davy, F.R.S. &c. 1821.
592. Larva of Bombyx Quercus, Fafer. Phalaena Quercus, Li?2?z. The
Oak-moth.
Fig. Roesel, Ins. i. Pap. Noct. tab. xxxv. a.
Hab. Europe.
593.
A Larva, five inches and a half in length, resembling in habit that of Pha-
la^na quercifolia; but in this specimen the hair is confined to the lower
margins of the body, a fasciculus shooting out in a radiated manner above
each leg and proleg, and from similar situations in the apod segments.
593 a.
A fuscous Larva from Surinam ; five inches in length ; numerous white spots
give it a shagreened appearance, and it is thinly scattered over with black
stiff hairs ; tufts of long silken yellow hairs arise from each segment im-
mediately above the legs and prolegs ; and a fringe of the same kind of hair
projects from the front of the anterior segment, and overhangs the head.
Mus. Leverian. lot 3248.
594.
A broad-bodied Larva, three inches in length, thickly clothed with long
white silken hairs. See Merian, Ins. Surin. pi. 16. Kirby and Spence,
Inir. to Entom. ii. p. 227.
* See Kirby and Spence, Intr. to Entom. ii. 288 ; iv. 353.
142
595 J. B.
A small white naked Larva, with a conical tubercle at the lower part of the
sides of each segment.
596 J. B. -
A small hairy Larva with an anal process, probably of a Hawk-moth.
597.
Chrysalis of a Moth remarkably downy.
598.
A Poplar-leaf, with the Web and Chrysalis of some Lepidopterous insect
attached to it ; and an Ichneumon.
599J.B.
A Lepidopterous Larva, three inches and a half in length, with fasciculi of
bristles arranged transversely on each segment, included in a dark-brown
oval cocoon of a very thin texture, like gauze.
600.
A Lepidopterous Larva, with its pupa-case, the top of which is cut off ; the
latter is of a dense texture, about the thickness of parchment, of a light
gray colour, and with a shining exterior surface.
601 J. B.
Pupa and Case of a Coleopterous (?) insect. The case is composed of frag-
ments of wood, and is attached to a portion of Pine.
Ordo DIPTERA. Antliata, Fabr.
( Tipulid(B.)
602. Culex pipiens, Linn. Fabr. The Common Gnat.
Fig. Swamm, Bibl. Nat. iab.-SLH^i. Jig. 4 — 8; xxxii. 1 — 5.
Hab. Europe, in marshy places. "Insectum pipiens continuo susurro
puncturaque molestissimum, aves imprimis aquaticas sustentat. Mas
antennis pectinatis vix pungit." Fabr. Syst. Entom. p. 800. no. 1.
The glass contains larvae and pupae of this species.
( Tabanida.)
603. Tabanus autumnalis, Linn. Fabr.
Hab. Europe.
143
(CEstridcB.)
604. CEstrus Bovis, Fabr.
Fig. Reaum.j Ins. iv. p. 503, pi. 38.
Hab. Europe : depositing its eggs under the skin of the Ox.
The specimen appears to have been excluded from the pupa-case only a very
short time.
605. CEstrus Bovis.
A small portion of the skin of an Ox with two cysts, one containing a
larva, the other empty.
606. CEstrus.
A portion of skin of the Ox or Rein-deer, in which are some cysts of CEstri.
One of them is laid open on its external, another on its internal aspect.
607. CEstrus.
A section of skin containing the cysts of CEstri with larvae.
608. CEstrus Equi, Linn. Clark. Gasterophilus Equi, Leach.
A portion of the stomach of a Horse with numerous larvae or botts of
different sizes.
609. CEstrus Equi.
A similar specimen, in which the botts have acquired their full growth. In
these the circle of small spines at each segment are very distinct ; they
materially influence the progress of the larvae through the alimentary
canal. See the Article by Mr. Bracy Clark in Linn. Trans, iii., repub-
lished under the title " An Essay on the Botts of Horses and other Ani-
mals," 1815.
609 a. CEstrus Equi.
Clusters of botts adhering to the inner surface of the stomach of a Horse.
Bonor, Mr. Clift, 1807-
609 B. CEstrus Rhinocerontis.
Two larvae or botts from the stomach of a female Rhinoceros. The largest
is fifteen lines in length, and they are more abruptly truncated at their
posterior extremity than the larvae of CEstrus Equi.
Donor, Sir Everard Home, Bart.
144
609 c.
Several small larvae, about six lines in length and half a line in breadth,
from the human frontal sinus ; their intestines are of a dark colour, as
if filled with coagulated blood; from their habitat they are probably
allied to the QEstri.
Donor, Martin Mangles, Esq.
609 D. Larvae, very similar to the preceding, which were voided per
anum {hiimanum).
Presented to Joshua Brookes, Esq. by A. Copland Hutchinson, Esq.
Mus. Brookes. Catal. p. 105. no. 36 (e.
{Syrphida.)
610. Helophilus pendulus, Meigen. Syrphus pendulus, Fabr. Si/st.
Entom. 763. no. 7. Musca pendula. Linn.
Fig. Reaum., Ins. ii. pi. 34. ^g. 9. 11.
Hab. Stagnant waters.
The larva is suspended by its tail, " which is composed of a double tube, the
interior of which is very slender, extensile at the pleasure of the animal to
a vast length, and terminated by a very small spiracle. The length of the
tube is therefore varied according to the greater or smaller depth at which
the insect chooses to continue ; the tip reaching to the surface in order to
supply the requisite quantity of air." Shavfs Zoology, vi. part ii. p. 381.
611. Larva of Helophilus pendulus.
{Conopsida:.)
612. Myopa buccata, Fabr. Conops buccatus, Linn.
Hab. Europe.
Mas et foemina in coitu.
(Muscida.)
613. Larva of Musca vomitoria. The Common Blue-bottle Fly.
(Famil. dub.)
614. Cell of the Pupa of some insect.
*
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